Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, IX. Wampum or Indian Money, sentence 10
Hiawatha knew that the lake had been made dry ground for his sake.
Who acts: Hiawatha · What happens: know, make · To what, where: lake · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, IX. Wampum or Indian Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiawatha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiawatha | Hiawatha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 made | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 lake | det |
| 5 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 made | aux |
| 7 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 8 made | aux:pass |
| 8 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 knew | ccomp |
| 9 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 ground | amod |
| 10 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obj |
| 11 | for | for | ADP | _ | 13 sake | case |
| 12 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 sake | nmod:poss |
| 13 | sake | sake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 made | obl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Hiawatha | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | make | past · perfect · passive | the lake | for Hiawatha's sake; dry ground obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: subject=Beneficiary ground=Product for sake=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/78/10/