Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Indian Records, sentence 7
He had it printed, but had to leave out many words, as their language is very different from English.
Who acts: Leni, confidence, language · What happens: have, print, leave out, be · To what, where: confidence, many words, English
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Indian Records. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Leni, confidence, language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 had | obj |
| 4 | printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 had | xcomp | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 had | punct |
| 6 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 had | cc |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | parataxis |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 leave | mark |
| 9 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 had | xcomp |
| 10 | out | out | ADP | _ | 9 leave | compound:prt |
| 11 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 words | amod |
| 12 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 leave | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 different | punct |
| 14 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 different | mark |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 language | nmod:poss |
| 16 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 different | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 different | cop |
| 18 | very | very | ADV | _ | 19 different | advmod |
| 19 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 had | conj |
| 20 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 English | case |
| 21 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 different | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Leni | confidence | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | participle | confidence not said here | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | have | past | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | leave out | to-infinitive | many words | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | present | words's language | English | different property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/8/7/