Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World, sentence 30
But when the old chief was driving back the young caribou, a muskrat crept into the teepee.
Who acts: old chief, muskrat · What happens: drive back, creep · To what, where: young caribou, teepee
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIII. How Light, Fire, and Water First Came to the World. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old chief, muskrat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 7 driving | cc |
| 2 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 driving | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chief | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 chief | amod |
| 5 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 driving | nsubj |
| 6 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 driving | aux |
| 7 | driving | drive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | back | back | ADV | _ | 7 driving | advmod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 caribou | det |
| 10 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 caribou | amod |
| 11 | caribou | caribou | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 driving | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 crept | punct |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 muskrat | det |
| 14 | muskrat | muskrat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 crept | nsubj |
| 15 | crept | creep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 caribou | acl:relcl |
| 16 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 teepee | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 teepee | det |
| 18 | teepee | teepee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 crept | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 driving | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drive back | past · progressive | the old chief | the young caribou | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme caribou=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | creep | past | a muskrat | the young caribou not said here | the teepee | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/82/30/