Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall, sentence 13
At last it trembled; then the Kaidah Indians, who have big heads and loud voices, shouted louder than any other tribe.
Who acts: mountain, Kaidah Indians · What happens: tremble, have, shout · To what, where: big heads, last
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, Kaidah Indians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | At | at | ADP | _ | 2 last | case |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 shouted | obl |
| 3 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 trembled | nsubj |
| 4 | trembled | tremble | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 last | acl:relcl |
| 5 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 2 last | punct |
| 6 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 shouted | advmod |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 Indians | det |
| 8 | Kaidah | Kaidah | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Indians | compound |
| 9 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 19 shouted | nsubj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 have | punct |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 have | nsubj |
| 12 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 Indians | acl:relcl |
| 13 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 heads | amod |
| 14 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 have | obj |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 voices | cc |
| 16 | loud | loud | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 voices | amod |
| 17 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 heads | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Indians | punct |
| 19 | shouted | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | louder | loud | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 19 shouted | xcomp |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 24 tribe | case |
| 22 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 24 tribe | det |
| 23 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 tribe | amod |
| 24 | tribe | tribe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 louder | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 shouted | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tremble | past | mountain | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | have | present | the Kaidah Indians | big heads and loud voices | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Patient | ||||
| 3 | shout speech: express | past | the Kaidah Indians | last | then | loud property | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/83/13/