Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall, sentence 15
“And that is why we go and trade with them for the copper with which to make the rings we give our women and children,” say the Portage or Carrier Indians of Manitoba.
Who acts: that, we, copper, Portage · What happens: be, go, trade, make, give, say · To what, where: rings, women · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, XIV. How the Copper Mountain Came to Fall. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, we, copper, Portage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 say | punct |
| 2 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 why | cc |
| 3 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 why | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 why | cop |
| 5 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 7 go | advmod |
| 6 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 go | nsubj |
| 7 | go | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 say | advcl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 trade | cc |
| 9 | trade | trade | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 go | conj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 them | case |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 go | obl |
| 12 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 copper | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 copper | det |
| 14 | copper | copper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 go | obl |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 make | nsubj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 make | mark |
| 18 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 copper | acl:relcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 rings | det |
| 20 | rings | ring | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 make | obj |
| 21 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 give | nsubj |
| 22 | give | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 rings | acl:relcl |
| 23 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 women | nmod:poss |
| 24 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 give | iobj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 children | cc |
| 26 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 women | conj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 go | punct |
| 28 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 go | punct |
| 29 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 Portage | det |
| 31 | Portage | portage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 say | obj |
| 32 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 Indians | cc |
| 33 | Carrier | Carrier | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Indians | compound |
| 34 | Indians | Indian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 31 Portage | appos |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Manitoba | case |
| 36 | Manitoba | Manitoba | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Indians | nmod |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | that | why property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | go in a quote | present | we | with voices = voice; for the copper | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with they=Beneficiary | ||||
| 3 | trade in a quote | present | we not said here | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | make in a quote | to-infinitive | the copper | the rings | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product | ||||
| 5 | give in a quote | present | we | the rings not said here | our women and children | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent woman=Theme | |||
| 6 | say speech: assert | imperative | the Portage | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/83/15/