Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 3

These shells were carefully cut into small pieces by means of sharp-edged stone knives, and a hole was bored through the pieces, making them like little tubes.

What happens: cut, mean, edge, bore, make · To what, where: shells, small pieces, hole, pieces

This is a sentence of «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Wampum Money. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	These	this	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	2 shells	det
2	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cut	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 cut	aux:pass
4	carefully	carefully	ADV	_	5 cut	advmod
5	cut	cut	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	into	into	ADP	_	8 pieces	case
7	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 pieces	amod
8	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cut	obl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 means	case
10	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cut	advcl
11	of	of	ADP	_	16 knives	case
12	sharp	sharp	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 edged	compound
13	-	-	PUNCT	_	12 sharp	punct
14	edged	edge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 knives	amod
15	stone	stone	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 knives	compound
16	knives	knife	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 means	obl
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 bored	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	22 bored	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 hole	det
20	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 bored	nsubj:pass
21	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	22 bored	aux:pass
22	bored	bore	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 cut	conj
23	through	through	ADP	_	25 pieces	case
24	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	25 pieces	det
25	pieces	piece	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 bored	obl
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 making	punct
27	making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	22 bored	advcl
28	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 making	obj
29	like	like	ADP	_	31 tubes	case
30	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 tubes	amod
31	tubes	tube	NOUN	Number=Plur	27 making	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 cut	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cut	past · passive	this shells	small pieces	carefully property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into piece=Product
2	mean	present			of edged stone knives	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
3	edge	participle				vn meander-47.7 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme
4	bore	past · passive	a hole	the pieces		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer
5	make	gerund	shells = shell		like little tubes	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Wigwam stories told by North American Indians» by Mary Catherine Judd, Project Gutenberg book 73136 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73136/9/3/

🌲 Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 3

The tree

Pragmatics

Wigwam stories told by North American Indians, Wampum Money, sentence 3