Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 14
On the tussocky slope where the track goes over from the St. Martins tram terminus to the Summit Road above Rapaki, joining the hill track near Witch Hill, the _tohungas_ kept in a sacred place one of the wooden figures representing Kahukura, for _karakia_, consultation in time of need, and the spot became known as “Te Irika o Kahukura,” or “The Uplifting of the Rainbow God.”
Who acts: track, Martins, wooden figures, karakia · What happens: go over, tram, join, keep, represent, become · To what, where: tussocky slope, terminus, hill track, Witch Hill, _ tohungas, sacred place
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (track, Martins, wooden figures, karakia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 slope | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 slope | det |
| 3 | tussocky | tussocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 slope | amod |
| 4 | slope | slope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 goes | obl |
| 5 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 goes | advmod |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 track | det |
| 7 | track | track | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 goes | nsubj |
| 8 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | over | over | ADV | _ | 8 goes | advmod |
| 10 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 14 tram | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Martins | det |
| 12 | St. | St. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 Martins | nmod:desc |
| 13 | Martins | Martin | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 tram | nsubj |
| 14 | tram | tram | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 goes | advcl |
| 15 | terminus | terminus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 tram | obj |
| 16 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 Road | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Road | det |
| 18 | Summit | Summit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Road | compound |
| 19 | Road | Road | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 tram | obl |
| 20 | above | above | ADP | _ | 21 Rapaki | case |
| 21 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Road | nmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 joining | punct |
| 23 | joining | join | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 goes | advcl |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 track | det |
| 25 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 track | compound |
| 26 | track | track | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 joining | obj |
| 27 | near | near | ADP | _ | 29 Hill | case |
| 28 | Witch | Witch | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Hill | compound |
| 29 | Hill | Hill | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 joining | obl |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 tohungas | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 tohungas | det |
| 32 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 tohungas | amod |
| 33 | tohungas | tohunga | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 Hill | appos |
| 34 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 kept | punct |
| 35 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 tohungas | acl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 place | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 place | det |
| 38 | sacred | sacred | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 place | amod |
| 39 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 kept | obl |
| 40 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 39 place | flat |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 figures | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 figures | det |
| 43 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 figures | amod |
| 44 | figures | figure | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 one | nmod |
| 45 | representing | represent | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 figures | acl |
| 46 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 representing | obj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 became | punct |
| 48 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 62 became | mark |
| 49 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 62 became | punct |
| 50 | karakia | karakia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 became | nsubj |
| 51 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 50 karakia | punct |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 consultation | punct |
| 53 | consultation | consultation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 karakia | appos |
| 54 | in | in | ADP | _ | 55 time | case |
| 55 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 consultation | nmod |
| 56 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 need | case |
| 57 | need | need | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 time | nmod |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 62 became | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 62 became | cc |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 spot | det |
| 61 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 became | nsubj |
| 62 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 goes | parataxis |
| 63 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 62 became | xcomp |
| 64 | as | as | ADP | _ | 67 Irika | case |
| 65 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 67 Irika | punct |
| 66 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 Irika | compound |
| 67 | Irika | Irika | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 known | obl |
| 68 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 69 Kahukura | case |
| 69 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 Irika | nmod |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 Irika | punct |
| 71 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 67 Irika | punct |
| 72 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 75 Uplifting | cc |
| 73 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 75 Uplifting | punct |
| 74 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 Uplifting | det |
| 75 | Uplifting | uplifting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 Irika | conj |
| 76 | of | of | ADP | _ | 79 God | case |
| 77 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 79 God | det |
| 78 | Rainbow | Rainbow | PROPN | Number=Sing | 79 God | compound |
| 79 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 Uplifting | nmod |
| 80 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 goes | punct |
| 81 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 8 goes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go over | present | the track | the tussocky slope | over property | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on slope=Location | |||
| 2 | tram | present | the Martins St. | terminus | to the Summit Road above Rapaki result | vn vehicle-51.4.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent terminus=Theme to road=Result | |||
| 3 | join | gerund | the track not said here | the hill track | Witch Hill | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent track=Patient | |||
| 4 | keep | participle | the _ tohungas not said here | a sacred place | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location | ||||
| 5 | represent | gerund | the wooden figures not said here | Kahukura | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot kahukura=Theme | ||||
| 6 | become | past | karakia | the spot nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | know | participle | karakia not said here | as Te Irika of Kahukura or the Uplifting of the Rainbow God | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as irika=Attribute | ||||
| 8 | uplift in a quote | the Rainbow God | nom uplifting «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/14/