Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 25
Passing Castle Rock--Te Tihi o Kahukura--just on the right hand or west as we travel towards Dyer’s Pass, we have on the other hand Te Moenga o Wheke, or “Wheke’s Sleeping Place” and Ota-ranui, or “Big Peak,” the towering rough-hewn crests of the Range looking down on Cass Bay and lying east of the Summit Track.
Who acts: we, Range · What happens: pass, travel, have, tower, look down, lie · To what, where: Castle Rock, right hand, other hand
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, Range), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Passing | pass | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 have | advcl |
| 2 | Castle | Castle | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Rock | compound |
| 3 | Rock | Rock | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Passing | obj |
| 4 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 6 Tihi | punct |
| 5 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Tihi | compound |
| 6 | Tihi | Tihi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Rock | conj |
| 7 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 8 Kahukura | case |
| 8 | Kahukura | Kahukura | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Passing | obl |
| 9 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 14 hand | punct |
| 10 | just | just | ADV | _ | 14 hand | advmod |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 14 hand | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 hand | det |
| 13 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 hand | amod |
| 14 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Passing | obl |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 west | cc |
| 16 | west | west | ADV | _ | 14 hand | advmod |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 travel | mark |
| 18 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 travel | nsubj |
| 19 | travel | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 west | advcl |
| 20 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 23 Pass | case |
| 21 | Dyer | Dyer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Pass | nmod:poss |
| 22 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 21 Dyer | case |
| 23 | Pass | Pass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 travel | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Passing | punct |
| 25 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 have | nsubj |
| 26 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | on | on | ADP | _ | 30 hand | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hand | det |
| 29 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 hand | amod |
| 30 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | obl |
| 31 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 hand | appos |
| 32 | Moenga | Moenga | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Te | flat |
| 33 | o | of | ADP | Abbr=Yes | 34 Wheke | case |
| 34 | Wheke | Wheke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 Te | nmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 Place | punct |
| 36 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 41 Place | cc |
| 37 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 Place | punct |
| 38 | Wheke | Wheke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Place | nmod:poss |
| 39 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 38 Wheke | case |
| 40 | Sleeping | sleeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 Place | compound |
| 41 | Place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Te | appos |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 Place | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 ranui | cc |
| 44 | Ota | Ota | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 ranui | compound |
| 45 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 44 Ota | punct |
| 46 | ranui | ranui | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 Te | conj |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 Peak | punct |
| 48 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 51 Peak | cc |
| 49 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 Peak | punct |
| 50 | Big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 Peak | amod |
| 51 | Peak | peak | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 have | conj |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 Peak | punct |
| 53 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 51 Peak | punct |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 crests | det |
| 55 | towering | tower | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 59 crests | amod |
| 56 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 hewn | amod |
| 57 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 56 rough | punct |
| 58 | hewn | hewn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 59 crests | amod |
| 59 | crests | crest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 51 Peak | appos |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 62 Range | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 Range | det |
| 62 | Range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 crests | nmod |
| 63 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 62 Range | acl |
| 64 | down | down | ADV | _ | 63 looking | advmod |
| 65 | on | on | ADP | _ | 67 Bay | case |
| 66 | Cass | Cass | PROPN | Number=Sing | 67 Bay | compound |
| 67 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 63 looking | obl |
| 68 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 lying | cc |
| 69 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 63 looking | conj |
| 70 | east | east | ADV | _ | 69 lying | advmod |
| 71 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 Track | case |
| 72 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 Track | det |
| 73 | Summit | summit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 Track | compound |
| 74 | Track | track | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 east | obl |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | gerund | we not said here | Castle Rock and Te Tihi | the right hand | of Kahukura | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: agent=Agent rock=Theme of kahukura=Initial_Location | ||
| 2 | travel | present | we | towards Dyer's Pass | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards pass=Destination | ||||
| 3 | have | present | we | the other hand | Big Peak conj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | tower | gerund | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | look down | gerund | the Range not said here | on Cass Bay; down property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on bay=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lie | gerund | the Range not said here | east property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/25/