Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 54
The name of Cooper’s Knobs, the highest of the three tooth-like crags lifting abruptly above the head of Lyttelton Harbour to an altitude of 1880 feet, memorises, like so many others, an incident of the head-hunting cannibal days.
Who acts: three like crags · What happens: lift, memoris, hunt, name · To what, where: head, many others, Knobs
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (three like crags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 name | det |
| 2 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 highest | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Knobs | case |
| 4 | Cooper | Cooper | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Knobs | nmod:poss |
| 5 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 4 Cooper | case |
| 6 | Knobs | Knob | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 name | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 highest | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 highest | det |
| 9 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 crags | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 crags | det |
| 12 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 crags | nummod |
| 13 | tooth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 like | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 tooth | punct |
| 15 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 crags | amod |
| 16 | crags | crag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 highest | nmod |
| 17 | lifting | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 16 crags | acl |
| 18 | abruptly | abruptly | ADV | _ | 17 lifting | advmod |
| 19 | above | above | ADP | _ | 21 head | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 head | det |
| 21 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 lifting | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 Harbour | case |
| 23 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Harbour | compound |
| 24 | Harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 head | nmod |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 altitude | case |
| 26 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 altitude | det |
| 27 | altitude | altitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 lifting | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 feet | case |
| 29 | 1880 | 1880 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 30 feet | nummod |
| 30 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 altitude | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 memorises | punct |
| 32 | memorises | memoris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 highest | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 others | punct |
| 34 | like | like | ADP | _ | 37 others | case |
| 35 | so | so | ADV | _ | 36 many | advmod |
| 36 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 others | amod |
| 37 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 memorises | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 incident | punct |
| 39 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 incident | det |
| 40 | incident | incident | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 others | appos |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 days | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 days | det |
| 43 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 hunting | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 head | punct |
| 45 | hunting | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 days | amod |
| 46 | cannibal | cannibal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 days | compound |
| 47 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 incident | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 highest | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lift | gerund | the three like crags not said here | the head of Lyttelton Harbour | to a altitude of 1880 feet; abruptly property | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent above head=Destination to altitude=Initial_Location | |||
| 2 | memoris | present | many others | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | hunt | gerund | head compound | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | name | Cooper's Knobs | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/54/