Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Port Hills and Their Names., sentence 75
The bays were so designated because on the shores and the slopes above there were plentiful thickets of the _kaikomako_ (pennantia corymbosa), the small tree into which Mahuika, a Polynesian Prometheus, threw fire from his finger-tips, so that it should not be extinguished by Maui’s deluge.
Who acts: plentiful thickets, Mahuika, deluge · What happens: designate, be, throw, not extinguish · To what, where: bays, shores, fire, small tree, Prometheus
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Port Hills and Their Names.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (plentiful thickets, Mahuika, deluge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 bays | det |
| 2 | bays | bay | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 designated | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 designated | aux:pass |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 designated | advmod |
| 5 | designated | designate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 9 shores | mark |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 9 shores | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 shores | det |
| 9 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 designated | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 slopes | cc |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 slopes | det |
| 12 | slopes | slope | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 shores | conj |
| 13 | above | above | ADP | _ | 15 were | mark |
| 14 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 15 were | expl |
| 15 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 designated | advcl |
| 16 | plentiful | plentiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 thickets | amod |
| 17 | thickets | thicket | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 were | nsubj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 kaikomako | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 kaikomako | det |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 21 kaikomako | punct |
| 21 | kaikomako | kaikomako | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 thickets | nmod |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 25 corymbosa | punct |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 corymbosa | punct |
| 24 | pennantia | pennantia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 corymbosa | compound |
| 25 | corymbosa | corymbosa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 thickets | conj |
| 26 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 corymbosa | punct |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 tree | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 tree | det |
| 29 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 tree | amod |
| 30 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 corymbosa | conj |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 32 which | case |
| 32 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 39 threw | obl |
| 33 | Mahuika | Mahuika | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 threw | nsubj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 Prometheus | punct |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 Prometheus | det |
| 36 | Polynesian | polynesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 Prometheus | amod |
| 37 | Prometheus | prometheus | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 Mahuika | appos |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 Mahuika | punct |
| 39 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 tree | parataxis |
| 40 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 threw | obj |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 45 tips | case |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 tips | nmod:poss |
| 43 | finger | finger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 tips | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 finger | punct |
| 45 | tips | tip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 threw | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 extinguished | punct |
| 47 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 53 extinguished | mark |
| 48 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 so | fixed |
| 49 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 extinguished | nsubj:pass |
| 50 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 53 extinguished | aux |
| 51 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 53 extinguished | advmod |
| 52 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 53 extinguished | aux:pass |
| 53 | extinguished | extinguish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 threw | conj |
| 54 | by | by | ADP | _ | 57 deluge | case |
| 55 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 deluge | nmod:poss |
| 56 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 55 Maui | case |
| 57 | deluge | deluge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 extinguished | obl |
| 58 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 designated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | designate | past · passive | the bays | the shores and the slopes | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be | past | plentiful thickets of the kaikomako and pennantia corymbosa and the small tree | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | past | Mahuika | fire | the small tree | from bay's finger tips | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent fire=Theme into which=Destination from tip=Initial_Location | ||
| 4 | not extinguish | should · passive | Maui's deluge | Prometheus | vn remedy-45.7-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/10/75/