Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 12
Immediately below us, in the gully that long ago was a channel for lava flow, the rocky depths are softened by the foliage of a fragment of the olden bush, a green covering for the valley floor.
Who acts: that, foliage · What happens: be, soften · To what, where: channel, rocky depths
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (that, foliage), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 3 us | advmod |
| 2 | below | below | ADP | _ | 3 us | case |
| 3 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 gully | punct |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 gully | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 gully | det |
| 7 | gully | gully | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 us | appos |
| 8 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 channel | nsubj |
| 9 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 10 ago | advmod |
| 10 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 13 channel | advmod |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 channel | cop |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 channel | det |
| 13 | channel | channel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 gully | parataxis |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 flow | case |
| 15 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 flow | compound |
| 16 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 channel | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 softened | punct |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 depths | det |
| 19 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 depths | amod |
| 20 | depths | depth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 softened | nsubj:pass |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 softened | aux:pass |
| 22 | softened | soften | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 channel | acl |
| 23 | by | by | ADP | _ | 25 foliage | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 foliage | det |
| 25 | foliage | foliage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 softened | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 fragment | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 fragment | det |
| 28 | fragment | fragment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 foliage | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 bush | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 bush | det |
| 31 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 bush | amod |
| 32 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fragment | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 covering | punct |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 covering | det |
| 35 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 covering | amod |
| 36 | covering | covering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 foliage | conj |
| 37 | for | for | ADP | _ | 40 floor | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 floor | det |
| 39 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 floor | compound |
| 40 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 covering | nmod |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 us | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | that | a channel | for lava flow; ago property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | soften | present · passive | the foliage of a fragment of the olden bush and a green covering for the valley floor | the rocky depths | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/12/