Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 46
Lower down, however, the way is clear of this bush plague, and we find ourselves under a shady roof of thick foliage, woven of the cool green leaves of the broadleaf, a small _puka_, the _mahoe_ and _kowhai_ and other minor trees of the Maori bush with much of the _kotukutuku_, the native fuchsia, now come into flower, with its masses of slender pendulous blossom giving promise of abundant _konini_ berries for the birds.
Who acts: you, way, we, native fuchsia, masses · What happens: lower down, be, find, weave, come, give · To what, where: ourselves, shady roof, thick foliage, flower, promise
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, way, we, native fuchsia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lower | lower | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | down | down | ADP | _ | 1 Lower | compound:prt |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 clear | punct |
| 4 | however | however | ADV | _ | 9 clear | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 however | punct |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 way | det |
| 7 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clear | nsubj |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 clear | cop |
| 9 | clear | clear | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 1 Lower | conj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 plague | case |
| 11 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 plague | det |
| 12 | bush | bush | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 plague | amod |
| 13 | plague | plague | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clear | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 find | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 find | cc |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 find | nsubj |
| 17 | find | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Lower | conj |
| 18 | ourselves | ourselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 17 find | obj |
| 19 | under | under | ADP | _ | 22 roof | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 roof | det |
| 21 | shady | shady | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 roof | amod |
| 22 | roof | roof | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 find | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 foliage | case |
| 24 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 foliage | amod |
| 25 | foliage | foliage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 roof | nmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 woven | punct |
| 27 | woven | weave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 foliage | acl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 leaves | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 leaves | det |
| 30 | cool | cool | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 leaves | amod |
| 31 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 leaves | amod |
| 32 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 woven | obl |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 broadleaf | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 broadleaf | det |
| 35 | broadleaf | broadleaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 leaves | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 puka | punct |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 puka | det |
| 38 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 puka | amod |
| 39 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 puka | compound |
| 40 | puka | puka | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 roof | appos |
| 41 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 40 puka | punct |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 mahoe | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 mahoe | det |
| 44 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 mahoe | amod |
| 45 | mahoe | mahoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 roof | conj |
| 46 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 1 Lower | punct |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 kowhai | cc |
| 48 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 kowhai | punct |
| 49 | kowhai | kowhai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Lower | conj |
| 50 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 kowhai | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 trees | cc |
| 52 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 trees | amod |
| 53 | minor | minor | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 trees | amod |
| 54 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 kowhai | conj |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 58 bush | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 bush | det |
| 57 | Maori | Maori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 58 bush | compound |
| 58 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 trees | nmod |
| 59 | with | with | ADP | _ | 60 much | case |
| 60 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 bush | nmod |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 64 kotukutuku | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 kotukutuku | det |
| 63 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 64 kotukutuku | punct |
| 64 | kotukutuku | kotukutuku | X | Foreign=Yes | 60 much | nmod |
| 65 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 54 trees | punct |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 fuchsia | punct |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 69 fuchsia | det |
| 68 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 69 fuchsia | amod |
| 69 | fuchsia | fuchsia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 kowhai | conj |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 72 come | punct |
| 71 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 72 come | advmod |
| 72 | come | come | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 fuchsia | acl:relcl |
| 73 | into | into | ADP | _ | 74 flower | case |
| 74 | flower | flower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 72 come | obl |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 78 masses | punct |
| 76 | with | with | ADP | _ | 78 masses | case |
| 77 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 78 masses | nmod:poss |
| 78 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 72 come | obl |
| 79 | of | of | ADP | _ | 82 blossom | case |
| 80 | slender | slender | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 blossom | amod |
| 81 | pendulous | pendulous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 82 blossom | amod |
| 82 | blossom | blossom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 78 masses | nmod |
| 83 | giving | give | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 78 masses | acl |
| 84 | promise | promise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 giving | obj |
| 85 | of | of | ADP | _ | 86 abundant | case |
| 86 | abundant | abundant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 84 promise | nmod |
| 87 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 88 konini | punct |
| 88 | konini | konini | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 giving | obl |
| 89 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 90 berries | punct |
| 90 | berries | berry | NOUN | Number=Plur | 83 giving | obl |
| 91 | for | for | ADP | _ | 93 birds | case |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 birds | det |
| 93 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 90 berries | nmod |
| 94 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Lower | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lower down | imperative | you not said here | kowhai and other minor trees of the Maori bush with much of the kotukutuku and the native fuchsia conj | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | is | present | the way | of this bush plague; clear, however property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | find | present | we | ourselves | a shady roof of thick foliage and the _ mahoe | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ourselves=Topic | |||
| 4 | weave | participle | thick foliage not said here | of the cool green leaves of the broadleaf | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of leaf=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | come | infinitive | the native fuchsia not said here | flower | now | with way's masses of slender pendulous blossom | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into flower=Initial_Location | ||
| 6 | give | gerund | way's masses of slender pendulous blossom not said here | promise of abundant | konini obl; berries for the birds obl | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/46/