Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 50
The place lacks the softness of moss and fern underfoot to which we are accustomed in the real bush; nevertheless it has something of the atmosphere of the olden forest wild; grateful bush scents are in our nostrils, the leaf-covering is close, though the trees are not tall, and the twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers help to make compact the tentage of green.
Who acts: place, grateful bush scents, leaf covering, trees, twisting character · What happens: lack, accustom, have, be, not be, twist · To what, where: softness, we, real bush, something, nostrils, tentage
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (place, grateful bush scents, leaf covering, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 place | det |
| 2 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lacks | nsubj |
| 3 | lacks | lack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 softness | det |
| 5 | softness | softness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 lacks | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 moss | case |
| 7 | moss | moss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 softness | nmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 underfoot | cc |
| 9 | fern | fern | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 underfoot | compound |
| 10 | underfoot | underfoot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 softness | conj |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 12 which | case |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 accustomed | obl |
| 13 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 accustomed | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 accustomed | aux:pass |
| 15 | accustomed | accustom | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 underfoot | acl:relcl |
| 16 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 bush | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 bush | det |
| 18 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 bush | amod |
| 19 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 accustomed | obl |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 has | punct |
| 21 | nevertheless | nevertheless | ADV | _ | 23 has | advmod |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 has | nsubj |
| 23 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lacks | conj |
| 24 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 23 has | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 atmosphere | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 atmosphere | det |
| 27 | atmosphere | atmosphere | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 something | nmod |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 forest | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 forest | det |
| 30 | olden | olden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 forest | amod |
| 31 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 atmosphere | nmod |
| 32 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 forest | amod |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 40 nostrils | punct |
| 34 | grateful | grateful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 scents | amod |
| 35 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 scents | compound |
| 36 | scents | scent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 nostrils | nsubj |
| 37 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 nostrils | cop |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 nostrils | case |
| 39 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 nostrils | nmod:poss |
| 40 | nostrils | nostril | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 lacks | parataxis |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 close | punct |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 covering | det |
| 43 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 covering | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 leaf | punct |
| 45 | covering | covering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 close | nsubj |
| 46 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 47 close | cop |
| 47 | close | close | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 nostrils | parataxis |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 tall | punct |
| 49 | though | though | SCONJ | _ | 54 tall | mark |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 trees | det |
| 51 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 54 tall | nsubj |
| 52 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 tall | cop |
| 53 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 54 tall | advmod |
| 54 | tall | tall | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 close | conj |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 help | punct |
| 56 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 help | cc |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 character | det |
| 58 | twisting | twist | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 59 character | amod |
| 59 | character | character | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 help | nsubj |
| 60 | of | of | ADP | _ | 61 growth | case |
| 61 | growth | growth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 character | nmod |
| 62 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 matting | cc |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 matting | det |
| 64 | matting | matting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 character | conj |
| 65 | of | of | ADP | _ | 66 creepers | case |
| 66 | creepers | creeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 64 matting | nmod |
| 67 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 lacks | conj |
| 68 | to | to | PART | _ | 69 make | mark |
| 69 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 67 help | xcomp |
| 70 | compact | compact | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 make | xcomp |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 72 tentage | det |
| 72 | tentage | tentage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 compact | obj |
| 73 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 green | case |
| 74 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 72 tentage | nmod |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 lacks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lack | present | the place | the softness of moss and fern underfoot | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | accustom | present · passive | we | the real bush | to fern underfoot | tree rules | |||
| 3 | have | present | place | something of the atmosphere of the olden forest | nevertheless property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient | |||
| 4 | is | present | grateful bush scents | our nostrils | our nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is | present | the leaf covering | close property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | not is | present | the trees | tall property | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | twist | gerund | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | help | present | the twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 9 | make | to-infinitive | the twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | compact | infinitive | the twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers not said here | the tentage of green | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tentage=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/50/