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Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 50

The place lacks the softness of moss and fern underfoot to which we are accustomed in the real bush; nevertheless it has something of the atmosphere of the olden forest wild; grateful bush scents are in our nostrils, the leaf-covering is close, though the trees are not tall, and the twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers help to make compact the tentage of green.

Who acts: place, grateful bush scents, leaf covering, trees, twisting character · What happens: lack, accustom, have, be, not be, twist · To what, where: softness, we, real bush, something, nostrils, tentage

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (place, grateful bush scents, leaf covering, trees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

detnsubjdetobjcasenmodcccompoundconjcaseoblnsubjaux:passacl:relclcasedetamodoblpunctadvmodnsubjconjobjcasedetnmodcasedetamodnmodamodpunctamodcompoundnsubjcopcasenmod:possparataxispunctdetcompoundpunctnsubjcopparataxispunctmarkdetnsubjcopadvmodconjpunctccdetamodnsubjcasenmodccdetconjcasenmodconjmarkxcompxcompdetobjcasenmodpunctrootTheDETplaceNOUNlacksVERBtheDETsoftnessNOUNofADPmossNOUNandCCONJfernNOUNunderfootNOUNtoADPwhichPRONwePRONareAUXaccustomedVERBinADPtheDETrealADJbushNOUN;PUNCTneverthelessADVitPRONhasVERBsomethingPRONofADPtheDETatmosphereNOUNofADPtheDEToldenADJforestNOUNwildADJ;PUNCTgratefulADJbushNOUNscentsNOUNareAUXinADPourPRONnostrilsNOUN,PUNCTtheDETleafNOUN-PUNCTcoveringNOUNisAUXcloseADJ,PUNCTthoughSCONJtheDETtreesNOUNareAUXnotPARTtallADJ,PUNCTandCCONJtheDETtwistingVERBcharacterNOUNofADPgrowthNOUNandCCONJtheDETmattingNOUNofADPcreepersNOUNhelpVERBtoPARTmakeVERBcompactVERBtheDETtentageNOUNofADPgreenADJ.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art2 placedet
2placeplaceNOUNNumber=Sing3 lacksnsubj
3lackslackVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
4thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art5 softnessdet
5softnesssoftnessNOUNNumber=Sing3 lacksobj
6ofofADP_7 mosscase
7mossmossNOUNNumber=Sing5 softnessnmod
8andandCCONJ_10 underfootcc
9fernfernNOUNNumber=Sing10 underfootcompound
10underfootunderfootNOUNNumber=Sing5 softnessconj
11totoADP_12 whichcase
12whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel15 accustomedobl
13wewePRONCase=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs15 accustomednsubj
14arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin15 accustomedaux:pass
15accustomedaccustomVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass10 underfootacl:relcl
16ininADP_19 bushcase
17thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art19 bushdet
18realrealADJDegree=Pos19 bushamod
19bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing15 accustomedobl
20;;PUNCT_23 haspunct
21neverthelessneverthelessADV_23 hasadvmod
22ititPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs23 hasnsubj
23hashaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 lacksconj
24somethingsomethingPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Ind23 hasobj
25ofofADP_27 atmospherecase
26thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art27 atmospheredet
27atmosphereatmosphereNOUNNumber=Sing24 somethingnmod
28ofofADP_31 forestcase
29thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art31 forestdet
30oldenoldenADJDegree=Pos31 forestamod
31forestforestNOUNNumber=Sing27 atmospherenmod
32wildwildADJDegree=Pos31 forestamod
33;;PUNCT_40 nostrilspunct
34gratefulgratefulADJDegree=Pos36 scentsamod
35bushbushNOUNNumber=Sing36 scentscompound
36scentsscentNOUNNumber=Plur40 nostrilsnsubj
37arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin40 nostrilscop
38ininADP_40 nostrilscase
39ourourPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs40 nostrilsnmod:poss
40nostrilsnostrilNOUNNumber=Plur3 lacksparataxis
41,,PUNCT_47 closepunct
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art45 coveringdet
43leafleafNOUNNumber=Sing45 coveringcompound
44--PUNCT_43 leafpunct
45coveringcoveringNOUNNumber=Sing47 closensubj
46isbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin47 closecop
47closecloseADJDegree=Pos40 nostrilsparataxis
48,,PUNCT_54 tallpunct
49thoughthoughSCONJ_54 tallmark
50thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art51 treesdet
51treestreeNOUNNumber=Plur54 tallnsubj
52arebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin54 tallcop
53notnotPARTPolarity=Neg54 talladvmod
54talltallADJDegree=Pos47 closeconj
55,,PUNCT_67 helppunct
56andandCCONJ_67 helpcc
57thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art59 characterdet
58twistingtwistVERBVerbForm=Ger59 characteramod
59charactercharacterNOUNNumber=Sing67 helpnsubj
60ofofADP_61 growthcase
61growthgrowthNOUNNumber=Sing59 characternmod
62andandCCONJ_64 mattingcc
63thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art64 mattingdet
64mattingmattingNOUNNumber=Sing59 characterconj
65ofofADP_66 creeperscase
66creeperscreeperNOUNNumber=Plur64 mattingnmod
67helphelpVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin3 lacksconj
68totoPART_69 makemark
69makemakeVERBVerbForm=Inf67 helpxcomp
70compactcompactVERBVerbForm=Inf69 makexcomp
71thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art72 tentagedet
72tentagetentageNOUNNumber=Sing70 compactobj
73ofofADP_74 greencase
74greengreenADJDegree=Pos72 tentagenmod
75..PUNCT_3 lackspunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1lackpresentthe placethe softness of moss and fern underfoottree rules
2accustompresent · passivewethe real bushto fern underfoottree rules
3havepresentplacesomething of the atmosphere of the olden forestnevertheless propertyvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient
4ispresentgrateful bush scentsour nostrilsour nmod:posstree rules
5ispresentthe leaf coveringclose propertytree rules
6not ispresentthe treestall propertytree rules
7twistgerundvn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
8helppresentthe twisting character of growth and the matting of creepersvn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
9maketo-infinitivethe twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers not said heretree rules
10compactinfinitivethe twisting character of growth and the matting of creepers not said herethe tentage of greenvn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent tentage=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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