Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”, sentence 61
There is a curious wildness in the valley bottom under the thicknesses of the broadleaf and the _mahoe_ and _kotukutuku_; it is half-dark in the deepest part, and great rocks lie hurled about, fire-born and water-worn.
Who acts: curious wildness, wildness, great rocks · What happens: be, lie, hurl, bear, wear · To what, where: valley bottom, deepest part
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, “the Crest of the Rainbow.”. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (curious wildness, wildness, great rocks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 wildness | det |
| 4 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 wildness | amod |
| 5 | wildness | wildness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 bottom | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 bottom | det |
| 8 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bottom | compound |
| 9 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | obl |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 12 thicknesses | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 thicknesses | det |
| 12 | thicknesses | thickness | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bottom | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 broadleaf | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 broadleaf | det |
| 15 | broadleaf | broadleaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 thicknesses | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 mahoe | cc |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 mahoe | det |
| 18 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 19 mahoe | punct |
| 19 | mahoe | mahoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 broadleaf | conj |
| 20 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 kotukutuku | cc |
| 22 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 kotukutuku | punct |
| 23 | kotukutuku | kotukutuku | X | Foreign=Yes | 20 _ | conj |
| 24 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 23 kotukutuku | punct |
| 25 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 dark | punct |
| 26 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 dark | nsubj |
| 27 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 dark | cop |
| 28 | half | half | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 30 dark | advmod |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 28 half | punct |
| 30 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 is | parataxis |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 34 part | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 part | det |
| 33 | deepest | deep | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 34 part | amod |
| 34 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 dark | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 lie | punct |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 lie | cc |
| 37 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 rocks | amod |
| 38 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 lie | nsubj |
| 39 | lie | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 dark | advcl |
| 40 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 lie | xcomp |
| 41 | about | about | ADV | _ | 40 hurled | advmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 born | punct |
| 43 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 born | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 fire | punct |
| 45 | born | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 dark | advcl |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 worn | cc |
| 47 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 worn | compound |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 47 water | punct |
| 49 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 born | conj |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | a curious wildness | the valley bottom under the thicknesses of the broadleaf and the mahoe; there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in bottom=Location | ||||
| 2 | is | present | wildness | the deepest part | dark, half property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | lie | present | great rocks | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | hurl | participle | great rocks not said here | about property | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | bear | participle | wildness not said here | fire compound | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | wear | participle | wildness not said here | water compound | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/11/61/