Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 102
That bit of beach is over-rough; but a little way to the north, under the lee of a wild bit of a rocky headland thick with beautiful light bush, is a gem of a white beach, clean and hard and shining, a sandy alcove that must have been made for picnicking.
Who acts: little way · What happens: be, shine, make, picnic · To what, where: gem, sandy alcove
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little way), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 bit | det |
| 2 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 over-rough | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 beach | case |
| 4 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bit | nmod |
| 5 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 over-rough | cop |
| 6 | over-rough | over-rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 gem | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 35 gem | cc |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 way | det |
| 10 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 way | amod |
| 11 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 gem | nsubj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 north | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 north | det |
| 14 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 way | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 lee | punct |
| 16 | under | under | ADP | _ | 18 lee | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 lee | det |
| 18 | lee | lee | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 way | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 bit | case |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 bit | det |
| 21 | wild | wild | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 bit | amod |
| 22 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lee | nmod |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 headland | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 headland | det |
| 25 | rocky | rocky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 headland | amod |
| 26 | headland | headland | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 bit | nmod |
| 27 | thick | thick | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 headland | amod |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 bush | case |
| 29 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 bush | amod |
| 30 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 bush | compound |
| 31 | bush | bush | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 thick | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 way | punct |
| 33 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 gem | cop |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 35 gem | det |
| 35 | gem | gem | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 over-rough | parataxis |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 beach | case |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 beach | det |
| 38 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 beach | amod |
| 39 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 gem | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 clean | punct |
| 41 | clean | clean | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 gem | parataxis |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 hard | cc |
| 43 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 clean | conj |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 shining | cc |
| 45 | shining | shine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 41 clean | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 alcove | punct |
| 47 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 49 alcove | det |
| 48 | sandy | sandy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 alcove | amod |
| 49 | alcove | alcove | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 gem | conj |
| 50 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 54 made | obl |
| 51 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 54 made | aux |
| 52 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 54 made | aux |
| 53 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 54 made | aux:pass |
| 54 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 alcove | acl:relcl |
| 55 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 56 picnicking | mark |
| 56 | picnicking | picnic | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 54 made | advcl |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 over-rough | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | that bit of beach obl:unmarked; over-rough property | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | a little way to the north and the lee of a wild bit of a rocky headland | a gem and a sandy alcove | of a white beach; a sandy alcove conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | shine | gerund | a little way to the north and the lee of a wild bit of a rocky headland not said here | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | make | must · perfect · passive | a sandy alcove | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP» | |||||
| 5 | picnic | gerund | vn dine-39.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/102/