Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 45
As a result of this attitude of his son, Tu-Rakautahi said to Te Raki, ‘You must go out to the Whaka-raupo (Lyttelton Harbour); there are sharks there for us two.’
Who acts: Tu, You, sharks · What happens: say, te, go out, be, result · To what, where: Raki, attitude · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tu, You, sharks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | ADP | _ | 3 result | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 result | det |
| 3 | result | result | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 said | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 attitude | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 attitude | det |
| 6 | attitude | attitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 result | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 son | case |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 son | nmod:poss |
| 9 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 attitude | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 result | punct |
| 11 | Tu | Tu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 said | nsubj |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 Rakautahi | punct |
| 13 | Rakautahi | Rakautahi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Tu | conj |
| 14 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 Te | case |
| 16 | Te | te | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 said | xcomp |
| 17 | Raki | Raki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Te | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 go | punct |
| 19 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 22 go | punct |
| 20 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 go | nsubj |
| 21 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 go | aux |
| 22 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 Te | conj |
| 23 | out | out | ADV | _ | 22 go | advmod |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 raupo | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 raupo | det |
| 26 | Whaka | Whaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 raupo | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 Whaka | punct |
| 28 | raupo | raupo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 go | obl |
| 29 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 30 Lyttelton | punct |
| 30 | Lyttelton | Lyttelton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 raupo | appos |
| 31 | Harbour | Harbour | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 Lyttelton | flat |
| 32 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 30 Lyttelton | punct |
| 33 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 are | punct |
| 34 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 35 are | expl |
| 35 | are | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 said | conj |
| 36 | sharks | shark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 are | nsubj |
| 37 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 35 are | advmod |
| 38 | for | for | ADP | _ | 39 us | case |
| 39 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 35 are | obl |
| 40 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 35 are | nsubj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
| 42 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 14 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Tu and Rakautahi | as a result of this attitude of Te's son | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | te | infinitive | Tu and Rakautahi not said here | Raki | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go out | must | You | to the Whaka raupo; out property | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | does | present | sharks | there; there | for us; two nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 5 | result | this attitude of Te's son | nom result «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/45/