Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 52
Of course Kaiapoi gave them _kauru_ generally in return, merely in Maori etiquette; some are now trying to make out that the _kauru_ (the sugar extract of the _tii_, or cabbage tree) was the payment for their fish.”]
Who acts: some, kauru · What happens: give, try, make out, be · To what, where: kauru, Tu, payment
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (some, kauru), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 3 Kaiapoi | case |
| 2 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Of | fixed |
| 3 | Kaiapoi | Kaiapoi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 gave | obl |
| 4 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 gave | iobj |
| 6 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 7 kauru | punct |
| 7 | kauru | kauru | X | Foreign=Yes | 4 gave | obj |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 11 return | punct |
| 9 | generally | generally | ADV | _ | 11 return | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 return | case |
| 11 | return | return | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 kauru | appos |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 etiquette | punct |
| 13 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 16 etiquette | advmod |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 etiquette | case |
| 15 | Maori | Maori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 etiquette | compound |
| 16 | etiquette | etiquette | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 return | conj |
| 17 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 21 trying | punct |
| 18 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 trying | nsubj |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 trying | aux |
| 20 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 trying | advmod |
| 21 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 gave | advcl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 make | mark |
| 23 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 trying | xcomp |
| 24 | out | out | ADP | _ | 23 make | compound:prt |
| 25 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 46 payment | mark |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 kauru | det |
| 27 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 28 kauru | punct |
| 28 | kauru | kauru | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 payment | nsubj |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 28 kauru | punct |
| 30 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 33 extract | punct |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 extract | det |
| 32 | sugar | sugar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 extract | compound |
| 33 | extract | extract | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 kauru | appos |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 tii | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 tii | det |
| 36 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 37 tii | punct |
| 37 | tii | tii | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 extract | nmod |
| 38 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 42 tree | punct |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 tree | punct |
| 40 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 42 tree | cc |
| 41 | cabbage | cabbage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 tree | compound |
| 42 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 kauru | appos |
| 43 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 42 tree | punct |
| 44 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 payment | cop |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 payment | det |
| 46 | payment | payment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 make | xcomp |
| 47 | for | for | ADP | _ | 49 fish | case |
| 48 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 fish | nmod:poss |
| 49 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 payment | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 trying | punct |
| 51 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 trying | punct |
| 52 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 4 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | kauru | Tu | of Kaiapoi | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient kauru=Theme | |||
| 2 | try | present · progressive | some | now | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | make out not said to happen | to-infinitive | some not said here | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a not said to happen | past | the kauru | the payment | for Tu's fish | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/52/