Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 54
Down the bend into the hollow, where the ghost of a mountain stream goes tinkling through the little gully, and the towns that are so near seem a hundred miles away.
Who acts: ghost · What happens: go, tinkle, be, ghost · To what, where: little gully, mountain stream
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ghost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Down | down | ADP | _ | 3 bend | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bend | det |
| 3 | bend | bend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hollow | obl |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 hollow | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 hollow | det |
| 6 | hollow | hollow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 goes | punct |
| 8 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 goes | advmod |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 ghost | det |
| 10 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 goes | nsubj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 stream | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 stream | det |
| 13 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 stream | compound |
| 14 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ghost | nmod |
| 15 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 hollow | conj |
| 16 | tinkling | tinkle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 goes | xcomp |
| 17 | through | through | ADP | _ | 20 gully | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 gully | det |
| 19 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 gully | amod |
| 20 | gully | gully | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 tinkling | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 towns | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 towns | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 towns | det |
| 24 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 hollow | obl |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 seem | obj |
| 26 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 seem | cop |
| 27 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 seem | advmod |
| 28 | near | near | ADV | _ | 29 seem | advmod |
| 29 | seem | seem | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 towns | acl:relcl |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 hundred | det |
| 31 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 miles | nummod |
| 32 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 away | obl:unmarked |
| 33 | away | away | ADV | _ | 29 seem | advmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 hollow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | the ghost of a mountain stream | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | tinkle | gerund | the ghost of a mountain stream not said here | the little gully | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gully=Location | ||||
| 3 | is | present | the towns obj; away, near, seem property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | ghost | a mountain stream | nom ghost «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/54/