Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 61
That old ribbonwood tree that quite overshadows the little Rapaki church holds memories of the vanished forests that once clothed all these Port Hills and of the “flitting generations of mankind” it has so long outlived.
Who acts: ribbonwood tree · What happens: overshadow, hold, vanish, clothe, flit, outlive · To what, where: little Rapaki church, memories, vanished forests, tree
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ribbonwood tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | That | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 tree | det |
| 2 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 ribbonwood | amod |
| 3 | ribbonwood | ribbonwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 tree | compound |
| 4 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 holds | nsubj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 overshadows | nsubj |
| 6 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 7 overshadows | advmod |
| 7 | overshadows | overshadow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 tree | acl:relcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 church | det |
| 9 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 church | amod |
| 10 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 church | compound |
| 11 | church | church | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 overshadows | obj |
| 12 | holds | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 13 | memories | memory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 holds | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 forests | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 forests | det |
| 16 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 forests | amod |
| 17 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 memories | nmod |
| 18 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 clothed | obj |
| 19 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 20 clothed | advmod |
| 20 | clothed | clothe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 forests | acl:relcl |
| 21 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 Hills | det:predet |
| 22 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 Hills | det |
| 23 | Port | Port | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Hills | compound |
| 24 | Hills | Hill | PROPN | Number=Plur | 20 clothed | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 generations | cc |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 generations | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 generations | det |
| 28 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 flitting | punct |
| 29 | flitting | flit | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 generations | amod |
| 30 | generations | generation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 Hills | conj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 mankind | case |
| 32 | mankind | mankind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 generations | nmod |
| 33 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 holds | punct |
| 34 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 outlived | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 outlived | aux |
| 36 | so | so | ADV | _ | 38 outlived | advmod |
| 37 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 38 outlived | advmod |
| 38 | outlived | outlive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 holds | conj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 holds | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | overshadow | present | that ribbonwood tree | the little Rapaki church | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent church=Patient | ||||
| 2 | hold | present | that ribbonwood tree | memories of the vanished forests | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent memory=Theme | ||||
| 3 | vanish | participle | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | clothe | past | the vanished forests | all Port Hills and the flitting generations of mankind obj; once property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | flit in a quote | gerund | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | outlive | present · perfect · passive | tree | long property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/61/