Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 84
As he lived, he died, a sturdy unregenerate pagan, and the faith of Ihu Karaiti prevailed; the bell of the Rongo Pai calls the _kainga_ to prayers within a few paces of Mahuraki’s grave, and the _tohunga’s_ mumblings are a forgotten creed.
Who acts: Mahuraki, faith, bell, _ mumblings, _ tohunga · What happens: live, die, prevail, call, forget, be · To what, where: sturdy unregenerate pagan, kainga, prayers, forgotten creed · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mahuraki, faith, bell, _ mumblings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 lived | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 lived | nsubj |
| 3 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 died | advcl |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 lived | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 died | nsubj |
| 6 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 pagan | punct |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 pagan | det |
| 9 | sturdy | sturdy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 pagan | amod |
| 10 | unregenerate | unregenerate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 pagan | amod |
| 11 | pagan | pagan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 died | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 prevailed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 prevailed | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 faith | det |
| 15 | faith | faith | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 prevailed | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Ihu | case |
| 17 | Ihu | Ihu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 faith | nmod |
| 18 | Karaiti | Karaiti | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 Ihu | flat |
| 19 | prevailed | prevail | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 died | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 27 calls | punct |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 bell | det |
| 22 | bell | bell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 calls | nsubj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 Pai | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 Pai | det |
| 25 | Rongo | Rongo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 Pai | compound |
| 26 | Pai | Pai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 bell | nmod |
| 27 | calls | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 died | parataxis |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 kainga | det |
| 29 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 30 kainga | punct |
| 30 | kainga | kainga | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 calls | obj |
| 31 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 27 calls | punct |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 33 prayers | case |
| 33 | prayers | prayer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 calls | obl |
| 34 | within | within | ADP | _ | 37 paces | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 paces | det |
| 36 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 paces | amod |
| 37 | paces | pace | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 calls | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 grave | case |
| 39 | Mahuraki | Mahuraki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 grave | nmod:poss |
| 40 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 39 Mahuraki | case |
| 41 | grave | grave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 paces | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 creed | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 creed | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 tohunga | det |
| 45 | _ | _ | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 tohunga | amod |
| 46 | tohunga | tohunga | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 mumblings | nmod:poss |
| 47 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 46 tohunga | case |
| 48 | _ | _ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 mumblings | compound |
| 49 | mumblings | mumbling | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 creed | nsubj |
| 50 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 53 creed | cop |
| 51 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 53 creed | det |
| 52 | forgotten | forget | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 53 creed | amod |
| 53 | creed | creed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 calls | obl |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 died | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | past | Mahuraki | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | die | past | Mahuraki | a sturdy unregenerate pagan | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | prevail | past | the faith of Ihu | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | call | present | the bell of the Rongo Pai | the kainga | prayers | within a few paces of Mahuraki's grave | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent kainga=Topic to prayer=Recipient | ||
| 5 | forget | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | is a | present | the _ tohunga's _ mumblings | a forgotten creed | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | mumble | the _ tohunga | nom mumbling «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/84/