Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 93
These immensely long seines were six or eight feet deep, and were worked by canoes, which would take one end out into mid harbour, the other being made fast, and sweep the great _kupenga_ round the shoals of fish making their way up the harbour with the flood tide.
Who acts: long seines, fish · What happens: be, work, take out, make, sweep · To what, where: one end, mid harbour, other, great kupenga, shoals, way
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (long seines, fish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 seines | det |
| 2 | immensely | immensely | ADV | _ | 3 long | advmod |
| 3 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 seines | amod |
| 4 | seines | seine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 deep | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 deep | cop |
| 6 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 feet | nummod |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 eight | cc |
| 8 | eight | eight | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 six | conj |
| 9 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 deep | obl:unmarked |
| 10 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 worked | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 worked | cc |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 worked | aux:pass |
| 14 | worked | work | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 deep | conj |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 canoes | case |
| 16 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 worked | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 take | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 take | nsubj |
| 19 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 take | aux |
| 20 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 worked | parataxis |
| 21 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 22 end | nummod |
| 22 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 take | obj |
| 23 | out | out | ADV | _ | 20 take | advmod |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 26 harbour | case |
| 25 | mid | mid | X | _ | 26 harbour | compound |
| 26 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 take | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 made | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 other | det |
| 29 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 made | nsubj |
| 30 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 made | aux:pass |
| 31 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 harbour | acl:relcl |
| 32 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 31 made | advmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 sweep | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 sweep | cc |
| 35 | sweep | sweep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 take | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 kupenga | det |
| 37 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 kupenga | amod |
| 38 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 37 great | punct |
| 39 | kupenga | kupenga | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 sweep | obj |
| 40 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 35 sweep | punct |
| 41 | round | round | ADP | _ | 43 shoals | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 shoals | det |
| 43 | shoals | shoal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 sweep | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 fish | case |
| 45 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 shoals | nmod |
| 46 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 45 fish | acl |
| 47 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 way | nmod:poss |
| 48 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 making | obj |
| 49 | up | up | ADP | _ | 51 harbour | case |
| 50 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 51 harbour | det |
| 51 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 making | obl |
| 52 | with | with | ADP | _ | 55 tide | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 tide | det |
| 54 | flood | flood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 tide | compound |
| 55 | tide | tide | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 harbour | nmod |
| 56 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 deep | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | this long seines | six feet obl:unmarked; deep property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | work | past · passive | this long seines not said here | by canoes | vn employment-95.3 «NP V» | ||||
| 3 | take out | would | one end | mid harbour | which nsubj; out property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent end=Theme | |||
| 4 | make | gerund · passive | the other | fast property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 5 | sweep | infinitive | the great kupenga | the shoals of fish | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent kupenga=Theme round shoal=Trajectory | ||||
| 6 | make | gerund | fish not said here | canoes's way | up the harbour with the flood tide | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset way=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/12/93/