Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea., sentence 95
Lest readers should question the dimensions of that quarter of a mile seine, let me say that in quite recent times, up to within the last thirty-five years or so, an old Ngati-Pikiao chief, the late Pokiha Taranui (better known as Major Fox), had a net nearly a mile in length, which was used on special occasions, such as the gathering of food for native meetings; the locality was Maketu village, on the shores of the Bay of Plenty.
Who acts: readers, me, locality · What happens: question, let, say, know, have, use · To what, where: dimensions, me, net, mile, special occasions, Maketu village · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Rapaki: a Village By the Sea.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (readers, me, locality), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lest | lest | SCONJ | _ | 4 question | mark |
| 2 | readers | reader | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 question | nsubj |
| 3 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 4 question | aux |
| 4 | question | question | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 dimensions | det |
| 6 | dimensions | dimension | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 question | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 quarter | case |
| 8 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 quarter | det |
| 9 | quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dimensions | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 seine | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 seine | det |
| 12 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 seine | compound |
| 13 | seine | seine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 quarter | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 let | punct |
| 15 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 question | conj |
| 16 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 let | obj |
| 17 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 let | xcomp |
| 18 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 55 had | mark |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 times | case |
| 20 | quite | quite | ADV | _ | 21 recent | advmod |
| 21 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 times | amod |
| 22 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 55 had | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 years | punct |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 25 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 up | fixed |
| 26 | within | within | ADP | _ | 32 years | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 years | det |
| 28 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 years | amod |
| 29 | thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 five | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 thirty | punct |
| 31 | five | five | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 32 years | nummod |
| 32 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 times | nmod |
| 33 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 34 so | cc |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 32 years | conj |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 chief | punct |
| 36 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 chief | det |
| 37 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 chief | amod |
| 38 | Ngati | Ngati | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Pikiao | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 Ngati | punct |
| 40 | Pikiao | Pikiao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 chief | compound |
| 41 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 years | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 Pokiha | punct |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 Pokiha | det |
| 44 | late | late | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 Pokiha | amod |
| 45 | Pokiha | Pokiha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 chief | parataxis |
| 46 | Taranui | Taranui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 Pokiha | flat |
| 47 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 49 known | punct |
| 48 | better | well | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 49 known | advmod |
| 49 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 Pokiha | parataxis |
| 50 | as | as | ADP | _ | 52 Fox | case |
| 51 | Major | major | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 Fox | amod |
| 52 | Fox | fox | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 known | obl |
| 53 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 49 known | punct |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 times | punct |
| 55 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 say | ccomp |
| 56 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 57 net | det |
| 57 | net | net | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 had | obj |
| 58 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 60 mile | advmod |
| 59 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 60 mile | det |
| 60 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 had | obj |
| 61 | in | in | ADP | _ | 62 length | case |
| 62 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 mile | nmod |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 66 used | punct |
| 64 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 66 used | nsubj:pass |
| 65 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 66 used | aux:pass |
| 66 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 60 mile | acl |
| 67 | on | on | ADP | _ | 69 occasions | case |
| 68 | special | special | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 69 occasions | amod |
| 69 | occasions | occasion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 used | obl |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 gathering | punct |
| 71 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 74 gathering | case |
| 72 | as | as | ADP | _ | 71 such | fixed |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 gathering | det |
| 74 | gathering | gathering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 occasions | nmod |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 76 food | case |
| 76 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 gathering | nmod |
| 77 | for | for | ADP | _ | 79 meetings | case |
| 78 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 79 meetings | amod |
| 79 | meetings | meeting | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 used | obl |
| 80 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 85 village | punct |
| 81 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 82 locality | det |
| 82 | locality | locality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 85 village | nsubj |
| 83 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 85 village | cop |
| 84 | Maketu | Maketu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 85 village | compound |
| 85 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 question | obl |
| 86 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 shores | punct |
| 87 | on | on | ADP | _ | 89 shores | case |
| 88 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 89 shores | det |
| 89 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 85 village | conj |
| 90 | of | of | ADP | _ | 92 Bay | case |
| 91 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 92 Bay | det |
| 92 | Bay | Bay | PROPN | Number=Sing | 89 shores | nmod |
| 93 | of | of | ADP | _ | 94 Plenty | case |
| 94 | Plenty | Plenty | PROPN | Number=Sing | 92 Bay | nmod |
| 95 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 question | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | question speech: other | should | readers | the dimensions of that quarter of a mile seine | vn interrogate-37.1.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dimension=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | let | infinitive | readers not said here | me | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | infinitive | me not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | know | participle | as Major Fox; well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as fox=Attribute | |||||
| 5 | have | past | a net | time | a mile obj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | use | past · passive | a mile | special occasions such the gathering of food | for native meetings | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for meeting=Eventuality | |||
| 7 | is a | past | the locality | Maketu village and the shores of the Bay of Plenty | the shores of the Bay of Plenty conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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