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Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 21

He travelled along the range-top, as was the way of the Maori explorer, until he neared the dip in the sharp ridge at the back of Rapaki, over which the Maoris and the pioneer white men made a track.

Who acts: Canterbury, Maoris · What happens: travel, be, near, make · To what, where: range top, dip, sharp ridge, track

This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Canterbury, Maoris), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjcasedetcompoundpunctoblpunctcasecopdetoblcasedetcompoundnmodpunctmarknsubjparataxisdetobjcasedetamodoblcasedetnmodcasenmodpunctcaseobldetnsubjccdetcompoundamodnsubjconjdetobjpunctrootHePRONtravelledVERBalongADPtheDETrangeNOUN-PUNCTtopNOUN,PUNCTasADPwasAUXtheDETwayNOUNofADPtheDETMaoriPROPNexplorerNOUN,PUNCTuntilSCONJhePRONnearedVERBtheDETdipNOUNinADPtheDETsharpADJridgeNOUNatADPtheDETbackNOUNofADPRapakiPROPN,PUNCToverADPwhichPRONtheDETMaorisPROPNandCCONJtheDETpioneerNOUNwhiteADJmenNOUNmadeVERBaDETtrackNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs2 travellednsubj
2travelledtravelVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3alongalongADP_7 topcase
4thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art7 topdet
5rangerangeNOUNNumber=Sing7 topcompound
6--PUNCT_5 rangepunct
7toptopNOUNNumber=Sing2 travelledobl
8,,PUNCT_12 waypunct
9asasADP_12 waycase
10wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin12 waycop
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 waydet
12waywayNOUNNumber=Sing2 travelledobl
13ofofADP_16 explorercase
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art16 explorerdet
15MaoriMaoriPROPNNumber=Sing16 explorercompound
16explorerexplorerNOUNNumber=Sing12 waynmod
17,,PUNCT_20 nearedpunct
18untiluntilSCONJ_20 nearedmark
19hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs20 nearednsubj
20nearednearVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 travelledparataxis
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 dipdet
22dipdipNOUNNumber=Sing20 nearedobj
23ininADP_26 ridgecase
24thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art26 ridgedet
25sharpsharpADJDegree=Pos26 ridgeamod
26ridgeridgeNOUNNumber=Sing20 nearedobl
27atatADP_29 backcase
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 backdet
29backbackNOUNNumber=Sing26 ridgenmod
30ofofADP_31 Rapakicase
31RapakiRapakiPROPNNumber=Sing29 backnmod
32,,PUNCT_42 madepunct
33overoverADP_34 whichcase
34whichwhichPRONPronType=Rel42 madeobl
35thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art36 Maorisdet
36MaorisMaorisPROPNNumber=Sing42 madensubj
37andandCCONJ_42 madecc
38thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art41 mendet
39pioneerpioneerNOUNNumber=Sing41 mencompound
40whitewhiteADJDegree=Pos41 menamod
41menmanNOUNNumber=Plur42 madensubj
42mademakeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin20 nearedconj
43aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art44 trackdet
44tracktrackNOUNNumber=Sing42 madeobj
45..PUNCT_2 travelledpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1travelpastCanterburythe range topvn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along top=Trajectory
2ispastas the way; of the Maori explorertree rules
3nearpastCanterburythe dipthe sharp ridge at the back of Rapakitree rules
4makepastthe Maorisa trackwhich obl; the pioneer white men nsubjvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent track=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/21/