Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 21
He travelled along the range-top, as was the way of the Maori explorer, until he neared the dip in the sharp ridge at the back of Rapaki, over which the Maoris and the pioneer white men made a track.
Who acts: Canterbury, Maoris · What happens: travel, be, near, make · To what, where: range top, dip, sharp ridge, track
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Canterbury, Maoris), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 travelled | nsubj |
| 2 | travelled | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | along | along | ADP | _ | 7 top | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 top | det |
| 5 | range | range | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 top | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 range | punct |
| 7 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 travelled | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 way | punct |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 12 way | case |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 way | cop |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 way | det |
| 12 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 travelled | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 explorer | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 explorer | det |
| 15 | Maori | Maori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 explorer | compound |
| 16 | explorer | explorer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 way | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 neared | punct |
| 18 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 20 neared | mark |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 neared | nsubj |
| 20 | neared | near | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 travelled | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 dip | det |
| 22 | dip | dip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 neared | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 ridge | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ridge | det |
| 25 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 ridge | amod |
| 26 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 neared | obl |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 back | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 back | det |
| 29 | back | back | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 ridge | nmod |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 Rapaki | case |
| 31 | Rapaki | Rapaki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 back | nmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 made | punct |
| 33 | over | over | ADP | _ | 34 which | case |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 made | obl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Maoris | det |
| 36 | Maoris | Maoris | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 made | nsubj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 made | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 men | det |
| 39 | pioneer | pioneer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 men | compound |
| 40 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 men | amod |
| 41 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 made | nsubj |
| 42 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 neared | conj |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 track | det |
| 44 | track | track | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 made | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 travelled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | past | Canterbury | the range top | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along top=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | is | past | as the way; of the Maori explorer | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | near | past | Canterbury | the dip | the sharp ridge at the back of Rapaki | tree rules | |||
| 4 | make | past | the Maoris | a track | which obl; the pioneer white men nsubj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent track=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/21/