Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 26
Her consort was the canoe Arai-te-uru, which carried “Te Ahi-a-Uenuku--Uenuku’s Fire”--and all kinds of food plants, even, says Tikao, a grain which is said to have resembled the _pakeha’s_ wheat.
Who acts: consort, te uru, Tikao · What happens: be, carry, say, resemble · To what, where: canoe, Te, grain, wheat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (consort, te uru, Tikao), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 consort | nmod:poss |
| 2 | consort | consort | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 canoe | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 canoe | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 canoe | det |
| 5 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | Arai | Arai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 canoe | appos |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 Arai | punct |
| 8 | te | te | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 uru | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 te | punct |
| 10 | uru | uru | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 canoe | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 carried | punct |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 carried | nsubj |
| 13 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 uru | acl:relcl |
| 14 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Te | punct |
| 15 | Te | te | X | _ | 13 carried | obj |
| 16 | Ahi | Ahi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 Te | goeswith |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 Uenuku | punct |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 Uenuku | det |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 Uenuku | punct |
| 20 | Uenuku | Uenuku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Ahi | conj |
| 21 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 24 Fire | punct |
| 22 | Uenuku | Uenuku | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Fire | nmod:poss |
| 23 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 22 Uenuku | case |
| 24 | Fire | Fire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 Ahi | list |
| 25 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 Te | punct |
| 26 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 36 says | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 says | cc |
| 28 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 29 kinds | det |
| 29 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 says | ccomp |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 plants | case |
| 31 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 plants | compound |
| 32 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 kinds | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 kinds | punct |
| 34 | even | even | ADV | _ | 36 says | advmod |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 even | punct |
| 36 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 carried | conj |
| 37 | Tikao | Tikao | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 says | nsubj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 grain | punct |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 grain | det |
| 40 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 Tikao | appos |
| 41 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 said | nsubj:pass |
| 42 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 said | aux:pass |
| 43 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 grain | acl:relcl |
| 44 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 resembled | mark |
| 45 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 46 resembled | aux |
| 46 | resembled | resemble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 43 said | xcomp |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 pakeha | det |
| 48 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 49 pakeha | punct |
| 49 | pakeha | pakeha | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 wheat | nmod:poss |
| 50 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 49 pakeha | case |
| 51 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 52 wheat | punct |
| 52 | wheat | wheat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 resembled | obj |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 canoe | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Takitimu's consort | the canoe and te uru | Arai appos; te uru conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | carry | past | te uru | Te Ahi Uenuku's Fire and a Uenuku | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent te=Theme | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | present | Tikao | all kinds of food plants ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | present · passive | a grain | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | resemble | to-infinitive · perfect | the pakeha's wheat | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/26/