Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill., sentence 54
He canoed up the Wanganui River--there is a curious rock, the end of which the natives used to paint red with _kokowai_ ochre, projecting from the eastern bank many miles above Pipi-riki, still known as Tamatea’s Rock--and crossed the central plateau to Lake Taupo, and thence went on to the East Coast.
Who acts: Tamatea, curious rock, natives · What happens: canoe up, be, use, paint, project, know · To what, where: Wanganui River, many miles, eastern bank, Pipi riki, central plateau, Lake
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, How the Sacred Fire Came to Witch Hill.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tamatea, curious rock, natives), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 canoed | nsubj |
| 2 | canoed | canoe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 canoed | compound:prt |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 River | det |
| 5 | Wanganui | Wanganui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 River | compound |
| 6 | River | River | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 canoed | obj |
| 7 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 9 is | punct |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 is | expl |
| 9 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 River | acl:relcl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 rock | det |
| 11 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 rock | amod |
| 12 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 is | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 end | punct |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 end | det |
| 15 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 River | appos |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 which | case |
| 17 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 used | obl |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 natives | det |
| 19 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 used | nsubj |
| 20 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 end | acl:relcl |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 paint | mark |
| 22 | paint | paint | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 used | xcomp |
| 23 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 paint | xcomp |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 ochre | case |
| 25 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 24 with | punct |
| 26 | kokowai | kokowai | X | _ | 28 ochre | compound |
| 27 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 28 ochre | punct |
| 28 | ochre | ochre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 paint | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 projecting | punct |
| 30 | projecting | project | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 paint | advcl |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 34 bank | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 bank | det |
| 33 | eastern | eastern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 bank | amod |
| 34 | bank | bank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 projecting | obl |
| 35 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 miles | amod |
| 36 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 projecting | obj |
| 37 | above | above | ADP | _ | 40 riki | case |
| 38 | Pipi | Pipi | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 riki | compound |
| 39 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 38 Pipi | punct |
| 40 | riki | riki | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 miles | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 known | punct |
| 42 | still | still | ADV | _ | 43 known | advmod |
| 43 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 40 riki | acl |
| 44 | as | as | ADP | _ | 47 Rock | case |
| 45 | Tamatea | Tamatea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Rock | nmod:poss |
| 46 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 45 Tamatea | case |
| 47 | Rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 known | obl |
| 48 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 50 crossed | punct |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 crossed | cc |
| 50 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 canoed | conj |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 plateau | det |
| 52 | central | central | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 plateau | amod |
| 53 | plateau | plateau | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 crossed | obj |
| 54 | to | to | ADP | _ | 55 Lake | case |
| 55 | Lake | Lake | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 crossed | obl |
| 56 | Taupo | Taupo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 55 Lake | flat |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 went | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 went | cc |
| 59 | thence | thence | ADV | _ | 60 went | advmod |
| 60 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 canoed | conj |
| 61 | on | on | ADV | _ | 60 went | advmod |
| 62 | to | to | ADP | _ | 65 Coast | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 Coast | det |
| 64 | East | East | PROPN | Number=Sing | 65 Coast | compound |
| 65 | Coast | Coast | PROPN | Number=Sing | 60 went | obl |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 canoed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | canoe up | past | Tamatea | the Wanganui River | vn vehicle-51.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Theme | ||||
| 2 | be | present | a curious rock | the Wanganui River not said here | there | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot river=Theme | |||
| 3 | use | past | the natives | of the end | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 4 | paint | to-infinitive | the natives not said here | with kokowai ochre; red property | vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with ochre=Theme | ||||
| 5 | project | gerund | the natives not said here | many miles | the eastern bank | above Pipi riki | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent mile=Theme above riki=Destination | ||
| 6 | know | participle | Pipi riki not said here | still | as Tamatea's Rock | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as rock=Attribute | |||
| 7 | cross | past | Tamatea not said here | the central plateau | Lake | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent plateau=Patient to lake=Recipient | |||
| 8 | go on | past | Tamatea not said here | to the East Coast; thence property | vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/13/54/