Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand, The Little People of the Mist., sentence 6
Just where the land went steeply up from the head of the bay to the shoulders of Te Ahu-Patiki, otherwise Mount Herbert, we could see the curious light grey rock wall of the Tarahaka, above the Pari-mataa, “Obsidian Cliff,” like a great chute down the mountain side, gleaming in the sun, the _tipua_ rock of the fire gods.
Who acts: land, we, light · What happens: go, see, wall, gleam · To what, where: head, Pari mataa, tipua, sun
This is a sentence of «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, The Little People of the Mist.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, we, light), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Just | just | ADV | _ | 2 where | advmod |
| 2 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 5 went | advmod |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 land | det |
| 4 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | nsubj |
| 5 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 see | advcl |
| 6 | steeply | steeply | ADV | _ | 7 up | advmod |
| 7 | up | up | ADV | _ | 5 went | advmod |
| 8 | from | from | ADP | _ | 10 head | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 head | det |
| 10 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 went | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 bay | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 bay | det |
| 13 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 head | nmod |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 shoulders | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 shoulders | det |
| 16 | shoulders | shoulder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 went | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Te | case |
| 18 | Te | Te | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 shoulders | nmod |
| 19 | Ahu | Ahu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Te | flat |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 Patiki | punct |
| 21 | Patiki | Patiki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Te | conj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Mount | punct |
| 23 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 24 Mount | advmod |
| 24 | Mount | Mount | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 Te | conj |
| 25 | Herbert | Herbert | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Mount | flat |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 went | punct |
| 27 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 see | nsubj |
| 28 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 see | aux |
| 29 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 wall | det |
| 31 | curious | curious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 wall | amod |
| 32 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wall | nsubj |
| 33 | grey | grey | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 wall | amod |
| 34 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 wall | compound |
| 35 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 see | obj |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Tarahaka | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Tarahaka | det |
| 38 | Tarahaka | Tarahaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 wall | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 mataa | punct |
| 40 | above | above | ADP | _ | 44 mataa | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 mataa | det |
| 42 | Pari | Pari | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 mataa | compound |
| 43 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 42 Pari | punct |
| 44 | mataa | mataa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 see | obl |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Cliff | punct |
| 46 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 Cliff | punct |
| 47 | Obsidian | obsidian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 Cliff | amod |
| 48 | Cliff | cliff | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 mataa | appos |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Cliff | punct |
| 50 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 48 Cliff | punct |
| 51 | like | like | ADP | _ | 54 chute | case |
| 52 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 54 chute | det |
| 53 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 54 chute | amod |
| 54 | chute | chute | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 mataa | nmod |
| 55 | down | down | ADP | _ | 58 side | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 side | det |
| 57 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 side | compound |
| 58 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 chute | nmod |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 gleaming | punct |
| 60 | gleaming | gleam | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 see | advcl |
| 61 | in | in | ADP | _ | 63 sun | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 sun | det |
| 63 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 gleaming | obl |
| 64 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 67 tipua | punct |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 tipua | det |
| 66 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 67 tipua | punct |
| 67 | tipua | tipua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 gleaming | obl |
| 68 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 69 rock | punct |
| 69 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 gleaming | obl |
| 70 | of | of | ADP | _ | 73 gods | case |
| 71 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 73 gods | det |
| 72 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 gods | compound |
| 73 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 rock | nmod |
| 74 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | past | the land | the head of the bay | to the shoulders of Te and Patiki and Mount | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from head=Initial_Location to shoulder=Destination | |||
| 2 | see | could | we | the Pari mataa like a great chute down the mountain side | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | wall | light | of the Tarahaka | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | gleam | gerund | we not said here | the tipua | the sun | rock of the fire gods obl | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in sun=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Maori folk-tales of the Port Hills, Canterbury, New Zealand» by James Cowan, Project Gutenberg book 73766 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg73766/14/6/