The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 129
How not to hit an insect 124 _Better an enemy with sense than a friend without it_
What happens: not hit · To what, where: insect
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 hit | advmod |
| 2 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 hit | advmod |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 hit | mark |
| 4 | hit | hit | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 insect | det |
| 6 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hit | obj |
| 7 | 124 | 124 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 insect | flat |
| 8 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 11 enemy | punct |
| 9 | Better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 11 enemy | amod |
| 10 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 enemy | det |
| 11 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hit | obl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 sense | case |
| 13 | sense | sense | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 enemy | nmod |
| 14 | than | than | ADP | _ | 16 friend | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 friend | det |
| 16 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 hit | obl |
| 17 | without | without | ADP | _ | 18 it | case |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 hit | obl |
| 19 | _ | _ | PUNCT | _ | 4 hit | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not hit | to-infinitive | a insect | than a friend; without friend; a Better enemy with sense obl | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme insect=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/129/