The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 190
Then, because he was an old man, and knew that he was soon to die, he became sorrowful and wept tears.
Who acts: man, old man · What happens: be, know, become, weep · To what, where: old man, tears · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, old man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 20 became | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Then | punct |
| 3 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 8 man | mark |
| 4 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 man | nsubj |
| 5 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 man | cop |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 man | det |
| 7 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 man | amod |
| 8 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 became | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 knew | punct |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 knew | cc |
| 11 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 man | acl:relcl |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 die | mark |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 die | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 die | cop |
| 15 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 17 die | advmod |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 die | mark |
| 17 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 knew | ccomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 man | punct |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 became | nsubj |
| 20 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 21 | sorrowful | sorrowful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 became | xcomp |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 wept | cc |
| 23 | wept | weep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 became | conj |
| 24 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 wept | obj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 20 became | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | man | a old man | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | a old man not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | is | past | man | die, soon property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | become | past | man | then | sorrowful property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 5 | weep | past | man not said here | tears | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent tear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/190/