The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 232
He urged upon his hearers to avoid the two extremes of a life devoted to fasting and self-torture, and a life of self-indulgence.
Who acts: Buddha · What happens: urge, avoid, devote · To what, where: life, two extremes, fasting
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 urged | nsubj |
| 2 | urged | urge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 5 hearers | case |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 hearers | nmod:poss |
| 5 | hearers | hearer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 urged | obl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 avoid | mark |
| 7 | avoid | avoid | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 urged | advcl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 extremes | det |
| 9 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 extremes | nummod |
| 10 | extremes | extreme | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 avoid | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 life | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 life | det |
| 13 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 extremes | nmod |
| 14 | devoted | devote | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 life | acl |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 fasting | case |
| 16 | fasting | fasting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 devoted | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 torture | cc |
| 18 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 torture | compound |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 self | punct |
| 20 | torture | torture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fasting | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 life | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 life | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 life | det |
| 24 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 urged | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 indulgence | case |
| 26 | self | self | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 indulgence | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 self | punct |
| 28 | indulgence | indulgence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 life | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 urged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | urge | past | Buddha | a life of self indulgence | upon Buddha's hearers | vn urge-58.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | avoid | to-infinitive | Buddha not said here | the two extremes of a life | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent extreme=Location | ||||
| 3 | devote | participle | a life not said here | to fasting and self torture goal | vn dedicate-79 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent to fasting=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/232/