The grateful elephant, Opening, part 1, sentence 241
Out of pity and compassion and friendliness for living creatures, he preferred to be reborn again and again, to suffer and to die again and again, in order that, by the accumulated merit of good works, he might himself become enlightened and thus be able to enlighten others.
Who acts: friendliness, Gotama · What happens: live, prefer, be, suffer, die, accumulate · To what, where: creatures, pity, others
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (friendliness, Gotama), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Out | out | ADP | _ | 3 pity | case |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 pity | case |
| 3 | pity | pity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 preferred | obl |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 compassion | cc |
| 5 | compassion | compassion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pity | conj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 friendliness | cc |
| 7 | friendliness | friendliness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pity | conj |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 9 living | mark |
| 9 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 friendliness | acl |
| 10 | creatures | creature | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 living | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 pity | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 preferred | nsubj |
| 13 | preferred | prefer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 reborn | mark |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 16 reborn | cop |
| 16 | reborn | reborn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 preferred | xcomp |
| 17 | again | again | ADV | _ | 16 reborn | advmod |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 again | cc |
| 19 | again | again | ADV | _ | 17 again | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 suffer | punct |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 suffer | mark |
| 22 | suffer | suffer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 preferred | conj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 die | cc |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 die | mark |
| 25 | die | die | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 suffer | conj |
| 26 | again | again | ADV | _ | 25 die | advmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 again | cc |
| 28 | again | again | ADV | _ | 26 again | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 order | punct |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 order | case |
| 31 | order | order | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 die | obl |
| 32 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 order | nsubj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 merit | punct |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 merit | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 merit | det |
| 36 | accumulated | accumulate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 merit | amod |
| 37 | merit | merit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 suffer | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 works | case |
| 39 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 works | amod |
| 40 | works | work | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 merit | nmod |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 become | punct |
| 42 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 become | nsubj |
| 43 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 become | aux |
| 44 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 45 become | nsubj |
| 45 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 preferred | conj |
| 46 | enlightened | enlighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 become | xcomp |
| 47 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 able | cc |
| 48 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 50 able | advmod |
| 49 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 50 able | cop |
| 50 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 enlightened | conj |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 52 enlighten | mark |
| 52 | enlighten | enlighten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 50 able | xcomp |
| 53 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 52 enlighten | obj |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 preferred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | gerund | friendliness not said here | creatures | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme creature=Location | ||||
| 2 | prefer | past | Gotama | pity and compassion and friendliness | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Pivot | ||||
| 3 | is not said to happen | to-infinitive | Gotama not said here | again; again | reborn property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | suffer | to-infinitive | Gotama not said here | by the accumulated merit of good works | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | die | to-infinitive | Gotama not said here | again; again | in order that | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in order=Attribute | |||
| 6 | accumulate | participle | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 7 | become | might | Gotama | tree rules | |||||
| 8 | enlighten | participle | Gotama not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 9 | is | infinitive | Gotama not said here | able, thus property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | enlighten | to-infinitive | Gotama not said here | others | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus other=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/1/241/