The grateful elephant, Opening, part 10, sentence 115
As he was running away as fast as he could in fear of death, another little hare saw him and asked: “Why, pray, are you running away in such a fright?”
Who acts: foot, little hare, you · What happens: run away, see, ask, pray, fear · To what, where: foot, fright, death · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foot, little hare, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 4 running | mark |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 running | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 running | aux |
| 4 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 saw | advcl |
| 5 | away | away | ADV | _ | 4 running | advmod |
| 6 | as | as | ADV | _ | 7 fast | advmod |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 running | advmod |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 10 could | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 could | nsubj |
| 10 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 fast | advcl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 fear | case |
| 12 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 could | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 death | case |
| 14 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 fear | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 running | punct |
| 16 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 18 hare | det |
| 17 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 hare | amod |
| 18 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | nsubj |
| 19 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 saw | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 asked | cc |
| 22 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 saw | conj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 pray | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 pray | punct |
| 25 | Why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 27 pray | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 pray | punct |
| 27 | pray | pray | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 asked | ccomp |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 running | punct |
| 29 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 running | aux |
| 30 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 31 running | nsubj |
| 31 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 pray | advcl |
| 32 | away | away | ADV | _ | 31 running | advmod |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 fright | case |
| 34 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 36 fright | det:predet |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 fright | det |
| 36 | fright | fright | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 running | obl |
| 37 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 27 pray | punct |
| 38 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 pray | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run away | past · progressive | foot | away, fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | see | past | another little hare | foot | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | another little hare not said here | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | pray in a quote | infinitive | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 5 | run away in a quote | present · progressive | you | such fright | away property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in fright=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | fear | death | nom fear «feeling transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/115/