The grateful elephant, Opening, part 10, sentence 4
Sakka presented a drum to him, saying, “Reverend Sir, if you beat this side, your enemies will flee; if you beat that, they will become kindly disposed and will surround you with a fourfold army.”
Who acts: Sakka, you, enemies · What happens: present, say, beat, flee, become, dispose · To what, where: drum, Sir, Reverend, side, that, you · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sakka, you, enemies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sakka | Sakka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 presented | nsubj |
| 2 | presented | present | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 drum | det |
| 4 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 presented | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 presented | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 saying | punct |
| 8 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 presented | advcl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Reverend | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Reverend | punct |
| 11 | Reverend | Reverend | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 saying | obj |
| 12 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Reverend | flat |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 beat | punct |
| 14 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 16 beat | mark |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 beat | nsubj |
| 16 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 saying | parataxis |
| 17 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 side | det |
| 18 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 beat | obj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 flee | punct |
| 20 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 enemies | nmod:poss |
| 21 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 flee | nsubj |
| 22 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 flee | aux |
| 23 | flee | flee | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 beat | conj |
| 24 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 32 become | punct |
| 25 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 27 beat | mark |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 27 beat | nsubj |
| 27 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 32 become | advcl |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 beat | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 beat | punct |
| 30 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 become | nsubj |
| 31 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 become | aux |
| 32 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 presented | advcl |
| 33 | kindly | kindly | ADV | _ | 34 disposed | advmod |
| 34 | disposed | dispose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 32 become | xcomp |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 surround | cc |
| 36 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 surround | aux |
| 37 | surround | surround | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 become | conj |
| 38 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 surround | obj |
| 39 | with | with | ADP | _ | 42 army | case |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 army | det |
| 41 | fourfold | fourfold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 army | amod |
| 42 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 surround | obl |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 37 surround | punct |
| 44 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 32 become | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | present | past | Sakka | a drum | Sir | vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent drum=Theme to he=Recipient | |||
| 2 | say speech: assert | gerund | Sakka not said here | Reverend | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | beat a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | you | this side | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location side=Theme | ||||
| 4 | flee in a quote | future | your enemies | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | beat a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | you | that | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location that=Theme | ||||
| 6 | become in a quote | future | enemies = enemy | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | dispose in a quote | participle | enemies = enemy not said here | kindly property | vn addict-96 «NP V NP PP.Theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | surround in a quote | future | enemies = enemy not said here | you | with a fourfold army | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent you=Destination with army=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/10/4/