The grateful elephant, Opening, part 11, sentence 1
When the little hare said this, the lion went to the foot of the Vilva tree, looked at the spot beneath the cocoanut leaf where the little hare had lain, and observed that a Vilva fruit had fallen on top of the cocoanut leaf.
Who acts: little hare, lion, Vilva fruit · What happens: say, go, look, lie, observe, fall · To what, where: this, foot, little hare, top · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little hare, lion, Vilva fruit), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 5 said | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 hare | det |
| 3 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 hare | amod |
| 4 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 went | advcl |
| 6 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 said | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 lion | det |
| 9 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | nsubj |
| 10 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 foot | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 foot | det |
| 13 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 tree | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 tree | det |
| 16 | Vilva | Vilva | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 tree | compound |
| 17 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 foot | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 looked | punct |
| 19 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 went | conj |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 spot | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 spot | det |
| 22 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 looked | obl |
| 23 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 26 leaf | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 leaf | det |
| 25 | cocoanut | cocoanut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 leaf | compound |
| 26 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 spot | nmod |
| 27 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 32 lain | advmod |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 hare | det |
| 29 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 hare | amod |
| 30 | hare | hare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 lain | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 lain | aux |
| 32 | lain | lie | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 leaf | acl:relcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 observed | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 observed | cc |
| 35 | observed | observe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 went | conj |
| 36 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 41 fallen | mark |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 fruit | det |
| 38 | Vilva | Vilva | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 fruit | compound |
| 39 | fruit | fruit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 fallen | nsubj |
| 40 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 41 fallen | aux |
| 41 | fallen | fall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 observed | ccomp |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 top | case |
| 43 | top | top | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 fallen | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 47 leaf | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 leaf | det |
| 46 | cocoanut | cocoanut | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 leaf | compound |
| 47 | leaf | leaf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 top | nmod |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the little hare | this | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent this=Topic | ||||
| 2 | go | past | the lion | the foot of the Vilva tree | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to foot=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | look | past | the lion not said here | at the spot beneath the cocoanut leaf | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at spot=Theme | ||||
| 4 | lie | past · perfect · passive | the little hare | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 5 | observe | past | the lion not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | fall | past · perfect | a Vilva fruit | top of the cocoanut leaf | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on top=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/11/1/