The grateful elephant, Opening, part 11, sentence 45
“For, monks, to living beings in the form of animals, begging is said to have been offensive, hinting is said to have been offensive.
What happens: say, be, hint, form · To what, where: begging, animals · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 said | punct |
| 2 | For | for | ADP | _ | 4 monks | case |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 monks | punct |
| 4 | monks | monk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 said | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 beings | punct |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 beings | case |
| 7 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 beings | amod |
| 8 | beings | being | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 monks | conj |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 form | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 form | det |
| 11 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 beings | nmod |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 animals | case |
| 13 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 form | nmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 monks | punct |
| 15 | begging | begging | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 said | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 said | aux:pass |
| 17 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 said | advcl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 21 offensive | mark |
| 19 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 offensive | aux |
| 20 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 offensive | cop |
| 21 | offensive | offensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 said | ccomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 hinting | punct |
| 23 | hinting | hint | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 offensive | conj |
| 24 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 said | aux:pass |
| 25 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 offensive | mark |
| 27 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 offensive | aux |
| 28 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 29 offensive | cop |
| 29 | offensive | offensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 said | ccomp |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 25 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert in a quote | present · passive | begging | for monks and living beings in the form of animals | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is in a quote | to-infinitive · perfect | offensive property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | hint speech: other in a quote | gerund | vn say-37.7-1-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | say speech: assert in a quote | present · passive | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» | ||||||
| 5 | is in a quote | to-infinitive · perfect | offensive property | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | form in a quote | animals | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/11/45/