The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 140
Thus have I heard: Once upon a time the Exalted One was in residence at Jetavana.
Who acts: Thus, I, Exalted One · What happens: have, hear, exalt, be · To what, where: time, residence
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thus, I, Exalted One), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thu | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 have | nsubj |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | ccomp |
| 5 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 6 Once | punct |
| 6 | Once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 4 heard | advmod |
| 7 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 9 time | case |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 time | det |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Once | obl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 One | det |
| 11 | Exalted | exalt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 One | amod |
| 12 | One | One | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 residence | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 residence | cop |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 residence | case |
| 15 | residence | residence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 time | acl:relcl |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 Jetavana | case |
| 17 | Jetavana | Jetavana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 residence | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | present | Thus | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | hear | past | I | once property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | exalt | participle | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | is | past | the Exalted One | a time not said here | residence | at Jetavana | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/140/