The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 76
Now, monks, to these friends occurred the following thought: “If only we knew which one of us was the oldest, we would respect, reverence, venerate, and honor him, and we would abide steadfast in his admonitions.”
Who acts: monks, we, one, monk · What happens: occur, follow, know, be, respect, venerate · To what, where: following thought, reverence, monk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (monks, we, one, monk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 8 occurred | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | monks | monk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 occurred | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 friends | punct |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 friends | case |
| 6 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 friends | det |
| 7 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 monks | conj |
| 8 | occurred | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 thought | det |
| 10 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 thought | amod |
| 11 | thought | thought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 occurred | obj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 knew | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 17 knew | punct |
| 14 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 17 knew | mark |
| 15 | only | only | ADV | _ | 17 knew | advmod |
| 16 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 knew | nsubj |
| 17 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 occurred | parataxis |
| 18 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 19 one | det |
| 19 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 oldest | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 us | case |
| 21 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 19 one | nmod |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 oldest | cop |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 oldest | det |
| 24 | oldest | old | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 17 knew | ccomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 respect | punct |
| 26 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 respect | nsubj |
| 27 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 28 respect | aux |
| 28 | respect | respect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 occurred | parataxis |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 reverence | punct |
| 30 | reverence | reverence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 respect | obj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 venerate | punct |
| 32 | venerate | venerate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 respect | conj |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 honor | punct |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 35 honor | cc |
| 35 | honor | honor | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 respect | conj |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 honor | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 abide | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 abide | cc |
| 39 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 abide | nsubj |
| 40 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 41 abide | aux |
| 41 | abide | abide | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 occurred | parataxis |
| 42 | steadfast | steadfast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 abide | xcomp |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 admonitions | case |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 admonitions | nmod:poss |
| 45 | admonitions | admonition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 42 steadfast | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 41 abide | punct |
| 47 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 abide | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occur | past | monks and this friends | the following thought | now | tree rules | |||
| 2 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | know a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | past | we | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is in a quote | past | which one of us | old property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | respect in a quote | would | we | reverence | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer reverence=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | venerate in a quote | infinitive | we not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 7 | honor in a quote | infinitive | we not said here | monk | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 8 | abide in a quote | would | we | steadfast property | tree rules | ||||
| 9 | admonish in a quote | monk | nom admonition «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/76/