The grateful elephant, Opening, part 12, sentence 98
Said he: “In former times, monks, even animals reflected: ‘But it is not becoming in us that we should live without respect or deference for each other, having no common life.
Who acts: Teacher, respect, we · What happens: say, reflect, not become, live, have · To what, where: common life · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher, respect, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Said | nsubj |
| 3 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 reflected | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 reflected | punct |
| 5 | In | in | ADP | _ | 7 times | case |
| 6 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 times | amod |
| 7 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 reflected | obl:unmarked |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 monks | punct |
| 9 | monks | monk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 times | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 animals | punct |
| 11 | even | even | ADV | _ | 12 animals | advmod |
| 12 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 times | conj |
| 13 | reflected | reflect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Said | parataxis |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 13 reflected | punct |
| 15 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 20 becoming | punct |
| 16 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 20 becoming | cc |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 becoming | nsubj |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 becoming | aux |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 becoming | advmod |
| 20 | becoming | become | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 reflected | advcl |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 us | case |
| 22 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 20 becoming | obl |
| 23 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 live | mark |
| 24 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 26 live | nsubj |
| 25 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 live | aux |
| 26 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 becoming | advcl |
| 27 | without | without | ADP | _ | 28 respect | case |
| 28 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 live | obl |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 30 deference | cc |
| 30 | deference | deference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 respect | conj |
| 31 | for | for | ADP | _ | 32 each | case |
| 32 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 respect | nmod |
| 33 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 each | fixed |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 having | punct |
| 35 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 becoming | conj |
| 36 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 38 life | det |
| 37 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 life | amod |
| 38 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 having | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Teacher | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | reflect in a quote | past | time | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | not become in a quote | present · progressive | respect | in us result | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in we=Result | ||||
| 4 | live in a quote | should | we | without respect for each or deference | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | have in a quote | gerund | respect not said here | no common life | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/12/98/