The grateful elephant, Opening, part 13, sentence 23
The hawk, exerting his strength, flapped both his wings and attacked the quail with violence.
Who acts: hawk · What happens: exert, flap, attack · To what, where: strength, wings, quail
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 hawk | det |
| 2 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 flapped | nsubj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 exerting | punct |
| 4 | exerting | exert | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 hawk | acl |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 strength | nmod:poss |
| 6 | strength | strength | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 exerting | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 hawk | punct |
| 8 | flapped | flap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 wings | det:predet |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 wings | nmod:poss |
| 11 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 flapped | obj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 attacked | cc |
| 13 | attacked | attack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 flapped | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 quail | det |
| 15 | quail | quail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 attacked | obj |
| 16 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 violence | case |
| 17 | violence | violence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 quail | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 flapped | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | exert | gerund | the hawk not said here | hawk's strength | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent strength=Theme | ||||
| 2 | flap | past | the hawk | hawk's wings | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient | ||||
| 3 | attack | past | the hawk not said here | the quail | with violence | vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quail=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/13/23/