The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 17
Said the Teacher: “Not only in his present state of existence has that youth spoiled a garden; in a previous state of existence also he did naught but spoil a garden.”
Who acts: Teacher, present state, youth · What happens: say, have, spoil, do · To what, where: garden, naught, previous state · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher, present state, youth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Teacher | det |
| 3 | Teacher | teacher | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Said | nsubj |
| 4 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 has | punct |
| 5 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 has | punct |
| 6 | Not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 state | advmod |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 11 state | advmod |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 state | case |
| 9 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 state | nmod:poss |
| 10 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 state | amod |
| 11 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 has | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 existence | case |
| 13 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 state | nmod |
| 14 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Said | conj |
| 15 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 16 youth | det |
| 16 | youth | youth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spoiled | nsubj |
| 17 | spoiled | spoil | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 has | ccomp |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 garden | det |
| 19 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 spoiled | obj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 did | punct |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 state | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 state | det |
| 23 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 state | amod |
| 24 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 did | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 existence | case |
| 26 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 state | nmod |
| 27 | also | also | ADV | _ | 29 did | advmod |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 did | nsubj |
| 29 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 1 Said | parataxis |
| 30 | naught | naught | PRON | PronType=Neg | 29 did | obj |
| 31 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 32 spoil | cc |
| 32 | spoil | spoil | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 did | conj |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 garden | det |
| 34 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 spoil | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
| 36 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the Teacher | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | have in a quote | present | Teacher's present state of existence | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | spoil in a quote | past | that youth | a garden | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | do in a quote | past | Teacher | naught | a previous state of existence | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent naught=Eventuality | |||
| 5 | spoil in a quote | infinitive | Teacher not said here | a garden | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/17/