The grateful elephant, Opening, part 14, sentence 31
Having occasion, for some purpose or other, to go to the garden, he saw those monkeys working away, and asked them: “Who told you to do this?”
Who acts: son, monkeys · What happens: have, go, see, work away, ask, tell · To what, where: occasion, garden, monkeys, you, this · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (son, monkeys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 saw | advcl |
| 2 | occasion | occasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Having | obj |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 purpose | punct |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 purpose | case |
| 5 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 6 purpose | det |
| 6 | purpose | purpose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Having | obl |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 other | cc |
| 8 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 purpose | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 go | punct |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 go | mark |
| 11 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 1 Having | conj |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 garden | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 garden | det |
| 14 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 go | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Having | punct |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 saw | nsubj |
| 17 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 19 monkeys | det |
| 19 | monkeys | monkey | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 saw | obj |
| 20 | working | work | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 monkeys | acl |
| 21 | away | away | ADV | _ | 20 working | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 asked | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 asked | cc |
| 24 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 saw | conj |
| 25 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 asked | obj |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 told | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 told | punct |
| 28 | Who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 told | nsubj |
| 29 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 saw | parataxis |
| 30 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 told | iobj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 do | mark |
| 32 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 told | xcomp |
| 33 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 do | obj |
| 34 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 29 told | punct |
| 35 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | son not said here | occasion | for some purpose | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent occasion=Patient | |||
| 2 | go | to-infinitive | son not said here | the garden | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to garden=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | see | past | son | that monkeys | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | work away | gerund | that monkeys not said here | away property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | ask speech: ask | past | son not said here | monkeys = monkey | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Recipient | ||||
| 6 | tell speech: assert in a quote | past | you | Who nsubj | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent you=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 7 | do not said to happen, in a quote | to-infinitive | this | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/14/31/