The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 124
When the Teacher had related this parable, he said: “Thus, householder, in times past those who grasped with the grasp of speculation came to a sorry end, but those who grasped Absolute Truth escaped from the hands of demons, went in safety to the place where they would be, and went back again to their own place.”
Who acts: Teacher, householder, Absolute · What happens: relate, say, grasp, come, escape, go · To what, where: parable, sorry end, hands, safety, speculation · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Teacher, householder, Absolute), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 related | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Teacher | det |
| 3 | Teacher | Teacher | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 related | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 related | aux |
| 5 | related | relate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 said | advcl |
| 6 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 parable | det |
| 7 | parable | parable | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 related | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 related | punct |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 11 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 householder | punct |
| 12 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 householder | punct |
| 13 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 15 householder | advmod |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Thus | punct |
| 15 | householder | householder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 came | nsubj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 times | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 times | case |
| 18 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 came | nsubj |
| 19 | past | past | ADP | _ | 20 those | case |
| 20 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 18 times | nmod |
| 21 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 22 grasped | nsubj |
| 22 | grasped | grasp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 those | acl:relcl |
| 23 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 grasp | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 grasp | det |
| 25 | grasp | grasp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 grasped | obl |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 speculation | case |
| 27 | speculation | speculation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 grasp | nmod |
| 28 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 said | ccomp |
| 29 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 end | case |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 end | det |
| 31 | sorry | sorry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 end | amod |
| 32 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 came | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 grasped | punct |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 grasped | cc |
| 35 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 37 grasped | det |
| 36 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 grasped | nsubj |
| 37 | grasped | grasp | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 came | parataxis |
| 38 | Absolute | Absolute | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 escaped | nsubj |
| 39 | Truth | Truth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Absolute | flat |
| 40 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 grasped | conj |
| 41 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 hands | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 hands | det |
| 43 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 escaped | obl |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 demons | case |
| 45 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 hands | nmod |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 went | punct |
| 47 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 grasped | conj |
| 48 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 safety | case |
| 49 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 went | obl |
| 50 | to | to | ADP | _ | 52 place | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 place | det |
| 52 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 went | obl |
| 53 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 56 be | advmod |
| 54 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 56 be | nsubj |
| 55 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 56 be | aux |
| 56 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 52 place | acl |
| 57 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 59 went | punct |
| 58 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 59 went | cc |
| 59 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 came | conj |
| 60 | back | back | ADV | _ | 59 went | advmod |
| 61 | again | again | ADV | _ | 59 went | advmod |
| 62 | to | to | ADP | _ | 65 place | case |
| 63 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 65 place | nmod:poss |
| 64 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 65 place | amod |
| 65 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 59 went | obl |
| 66 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 67 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | relate | past · perfect | the Teacher | this parable | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent parable=Theme | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Teacher | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | grasp in a quote | past | with the grasp of speculation; who nsubj | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with grasp=Instrument | |||||
| 4 | come in a quote | past | householder | to a sorry end | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to end=Initial_Location | ||||
| 5 | grasp in a quote | past | who nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | escape in a quote | past | Absolute | the hands of demons | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from hand=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | go in a quote | past | safety | to the place | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | ||||
| 8 | go back in a quote | past | householder not said here | again | to places's own place result | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Patient to place=Result | |||
| 9 | grasp in a quote | speculation | nom grasp «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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