The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 133
In times past there dwelt in a cave in the Vindhya mountains a wise boar, who was none other than the Buddha in a previous state of existence, and with him his friend a monkey.
Who acts: wise boar · What happens: dwell, be · To what, where: monkey, cave, none, previous state
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wise boar), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 times | case |
| 2 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 dwelt | obl |
| 3 | past | past | ADP | _ | 4 there | case |
| 4 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 dwelt | obl |
| 5 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 cave | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 cave | det |
| 8 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 dwelt | obl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 mountains | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 mountains | det |
| 11 | Vindhya | Vindhya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 mountains | compound |
| 12 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 dwelt | obl |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 boar | det |
| 14 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 boar | amod |
| 15 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 mountains | appos |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 none | punct |
| 17 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 none | nsubj |
| 18 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 none | cop |
| 19 | none | none | PRON | PronType=Neg | 15 boar | conj |
| 20 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 none | amod |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 23 Buddha | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 Buddha | det |
| 23 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 other | obl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 state | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 state | det |
| 26 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 state | amod |
| 27 | state | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 none | nmod |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 existence | case |
| 29 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 state | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 monkey | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 monkey | cc |
| 32 | with | with | ADP | _ | 33 him | case |
| 33 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 monkey | nmod |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 friend | nmod:poss |
| 35 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 him | conj |
| 36 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 monkey | det |
| 37 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 dwelt | obl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 dwelt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dwell | participle | a monkey with Buddha | a cave | time | in the Vindhya mountains | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location | ||
| 2 | is a | past | a wise boar | none | a previous state of existence | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/15/133/