The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 43
The caravan-leader also caused his own car to turn out of the road, allowing room for the carts to pass, and standing aside, said to that ogre: “We, sir, are just approaching from Benāres.
Who acts: caravan leader, We · What happens: cause, turn out, allow, pass, stand, say · To what, where: own car, road, room, ogre, Benāres · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (caravan leader, We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 leader | det |
| 2 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 leader | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 caravan | punct |
| 4 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | nsubj |
| 5 | also | also | ADV | _ | 6 caused | advmod |
| 6 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 car | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 car | amod |
| 9 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | obj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 turn | mark |
| 11 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 caused | ccomp |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 road | case |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 road | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 road | det |
| 15 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 turn | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 allowing | punct |
| 17 | allowing | allow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 turn | advcl |
| 18 | room | room | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 allowing | obj |
| 19 | for | for | ADP | _ | 21 carts | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 carts | det |
| 21 | carts | cart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 allowing | obl |
| 22 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 pass | mark |
| 23 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 allowing | advcl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 said | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 said | cc |
| 26 | standing | stand | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 said | advcl |
| 27 | aside | aside | ADV | _ | 26 standing | advmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 standing | punct |
| 29 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 caused | conj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 ogre | case |
| 31 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 32 ogre | det |
| 32 | ogre | ogre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 said | obl |
| 33 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 41 approaching | punct |
| 34 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 41 approaching | punct |
| 35 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 41 approaching | nsubj |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 sir | punct |
| 37 | sir | sir | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 We | appos |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 sir | punct |
| 39 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 approaching | aux |
| 40 | just | just | ADV | _ | 41 approaching | advmod |
| 41 | approaching | approach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 said | advcl |
| 42 | from | from | ADP | _ | 43 Benāres | case |
| 43 | Benāres | Benāres | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 approaching | obl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | the caravan leader | ogre's own car | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | turn out | to-infinitive | the caravan leader not said here | the road | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location road=Theme | ||||
| 3 | allow | gerund | the caravan leader not said here | room | for the carts goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent room=Theme for cart=Goal | |||
| 4 | pass | to-infinitive | the caravan leader not said here | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | stand | gerund | aside property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | the caravan leader not said here | that ogre | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to ogre=Recipient | ||||
| 7 | approach in a quote | present · progressive | We | Benāres | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from benāres=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/15/43/