The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 47
When the ogre heard his words, he said: “Friend, what’s this you’re saying?
Who acts: ogre, you · What happens: hear, say, 're, word · To what, where: words · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ogre, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 ogre | det |
| 3 | ogre | ogre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 said | advcl |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 words | nmod:poss |
| 6 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 8 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 said | nsubj |
| 9 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 Friend | punct |
| 11 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 Friend | punct |
| 12 | Friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 said | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 ’s | punct |
| 14 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 15 ’s | nsubj |
| 15 | ’s | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 Friend | acl:relcl |
| 16 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 ’s | obj |
| 17 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 18 ’re | nsubj |
| 18 | ’re | 're | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 ’s | ccomp |
| 19 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 ’re | xcomp |
| 20 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 9 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the ogre | ogre's words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | ogre | Friend nsubj | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | 're in a quote | past | you | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert in a quote | gerund | you not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | word | ogre | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/15/47/