The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 80
Without a doubt this fellow caused the foolish caravan-leader who went first to throw away all his water, and having thus brought weariness upon him and his company, devoured them.
Who acts: fellow, foolish caravan leader · What happens: cause, go, throw away, have, bring, devour · To what, where: foolish caravan leader, water, brought weariness, men
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fellow, foolish caravan leader), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Without | without | ADP | _ | 3 doubt | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 doubt | det |
| 3 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | obl |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 fellow | det |
| 5 | fellow | fellow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | nsubj |
| 6 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 leader | det |
| 8 | foolish | foolish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 leader | amod |
| 9 | caravan | caravan | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 leader | compound |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 9 caravan | punct |
| 11 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caused | obj |
| 12 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 went | nsubj |
| 13 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 leader | acl:relcl |
| 14 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 went | advmod |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 throw | mark |
| 16 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 went | advcl |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 throw | advmod |
| 18 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 20 water | det:predet |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 water | nmod:poss |
| 20 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 throw | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 having | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 having | cc |
| 23 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 caused | advcl |
| 24 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 25 brought | advmod |
| 25 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 weariness | amod |
| 26 | weariness | weariness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 having | obj |
| 27 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 28 him | case |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 having | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 company | cc |
| 30 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 company | nmod:poss |
| 31 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 him | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 devoured | punct |
| 33 | devoured | devour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 caused | conj |
| 34 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 devoured | obj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 caused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cause | past | this fellow | the foolish caravan leader | without a doubt | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition leader=Patient | |||
| 2 | go | past | the foolish caravan leader | first property | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw away | to-infinitive | the foolish caravan leader not said here | fellow's water | away property | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme | |||
| 4 | have | gerund | this fellow not said here | brought weariness | upon fellow | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weariness=Patient | |||
| 5 | bring | participle | thus property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | devour | past | this fellow not said here | men = man | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/15/80/