The grateful elephant, Opening, part 15, sentence 91
The Future Buddha, hearing their words, caused the carts to halt, assembled all of his men, and asked: “Has any one of you heard that there is either a lake or a pool in this wilderness?”
Who acts: Future Buddha, carts, you · What happens: hear, cause, halt, assemble, ask, have · To what, where: words, carts, all, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Future Buddha, carts, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Buddha | det |
| 2 | Future | Future | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Buddha | compound |
| 3 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 caused | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 hearing | punct |
| 5 | hearing | hear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 Buddha | acl |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 words | nmod:poss |
| 7 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 hearing | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 Buddha | punct |
| 9 | caused | cause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 carts | det |
| 11 | carts | cart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 caused | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 halt | mark |
| 13 | halt | halt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 caused | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 assembled | punct |
| 15 | assembled | assemble | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 halt | advcl |
| 16 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 15 assembled | obj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 men | case |
| 18 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 men | nmod:poss |
| 19 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 all | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 asked | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 asked | cc |
| 22 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 caused | conj |
| 23 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 25 Has | punct |
| 24 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Has | punct |
| 25 | Has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 asked | ccomp |
| 26 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 one | det |
| 27 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 Has | obj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 you | case |
| 29 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 30 heard | nsubj |
| 30 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 one | acl:relcl |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 33 is | mark |
| 32 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 33 is | expl |
| 33 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 heard | ccomp |
| 34 | either | either | CCONJ | _ | 36 lake | cc:preconj |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 lake | det |
| 36 | lake | lake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 one | nmod |
| 37 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 39 pool | cc |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 pool | det |
| 39 | pool | pool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 lake | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 wilderness | case |
| 41 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 42 wilderness | det |
| 42 | wilderness | wilderness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 pool | nmod |
| 43 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 25 Has | punct |
| 44 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 25 Has | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | gerund | the Future Buddha not said here | carts's words | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer word=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | cause | past | the Future Buddha | the carts | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | halt | to-infinitive | the carts not said here | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | assemble | participle | the carts not said here | all of Buddha's men | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent all=Theme | ||||
| 5 | ask speech: ask | past | the Future Buddha not said here | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | have in a quote | present | any one a lake or a pool in this wilderness | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | |||||
| 7 | hear in a quote | past | you | any one a lake or a pool in this wilderness not said here | tree rules | ||||
| 8 | be in a quote | present | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 9 | word | carts = cart | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/15/91/