The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 23
On a ridge of the Himālaya stands a city called the Golden City, for it gleams from afar like the rays of the sun. And in that city, once upon a time, lived the king of the fairies, and his name was Jīmūta-ketu.
Who acts: city, name, Fairy · What happens: stand, call, gleam, live, be, ray · To what, where: city, ridge, afar, king, Jīmūta ketu, sun. · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (city, name, Fairy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 ridge | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 ridge | det |
| 3 | ridge | ridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stands | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Himālaya | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 Himālaya | det |
| 6 | Himālaya | Himālaya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 ridge | nmod |
| 7 | stands | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 city | det |
| 9 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stands | obj |
| 10 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 city | acl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 City | det |
| 12 | Golden | golden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 City | amod |
| 13 | City | City | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 called | xcomp |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 gleams | punct |
| 15 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 17 gleams | mark |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 gleams | nsubj |
| 17 | gleams | gleam | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 stands | conj |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 afar | case |
| 19 | afar | afar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 gleams | obl |
| 20 | like | like | ADP | _ | 22 rays | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 rays | det |
| 22 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 gleams | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 sun. | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 sun. | det |
| 25 | sun. | sun. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 rays | nmod |
| 26 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 city | cc |
| 27 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 city | case |
| 28 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 29 city | det |
| 29 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 sun. | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 once | punct |
| 31 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 17 gleams | advmod |
| 32 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 34 time | case |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 time | det |
| 34 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 once | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 lived | punct |
| 36 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 stands | conj |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 king | det |
| 38 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 lived | obj |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 fairies | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 fairies | det |
| 41 | fairies | fairy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 king | nmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 ketu | punct |
| 43 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 ketu | cc |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 name | nmod:poss |
| 45 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 ketu | nsubj |
| 46 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 ketu | cop |
| 47 | Jīmūta | Jīmūta | PROPN | Number=Sing | 49 ketu | compound |
| 48 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 49 ketu | punct |
| 49 | ketu | ketu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 lived | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 stands | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stand | present | a city | a ridge of the Himālaya | vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent city=Theme on ridge=Destination | ||||
| 2 | call | participle | a city not said here | the Golden City xcomp | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | gleam | present | city | afar | like the rays of the sun. and that city; once property | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 4 | live | past | the king of the fairies | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme king=Location | |||||
| 5 | is a | past | Fairy's name | Jīmūta ketu | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | ray | the sun. and that city | nom ray «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | name | Fairy | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/16/23/