The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 3
Then the wise boar arose from his bed and went out of his cave and said to the lion: “My good friend, do not despair.
Who acts: wise boar, good friend · What happens: arise, go out, say, not despair · To what, where: bed, cave, lion · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wise boar, good friend), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 arose | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 boar | det |
| 3 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 boar | amod |
| 4 | boar | boar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arose | nsubj |
| 5 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 bed | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 bed | nmod:poss |
| 8 | bed | bed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arose | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 went | cc |
| 10 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 arose | conj |
| 11 | out | out | ADP | _ | 14 cave | case |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 cave | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 cave | nmod:poss |
| 14 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 went | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 said | cc |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 arose | conj |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 lion | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 lion | det |
| 19 | lion | lion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 said | obl |
| 20 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 24 friend | punct |
| 21 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 friend | punct |
| 22 | My | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 friend | nmod:poss |
| 23 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 friend | amod |
| 24 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 said | ccomp |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 despair | punct |
| 26 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 28 despair | aux |
| 27 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 despair | advmod |
| 28 | despair | despair | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 friend | acl:relcl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 arose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past | the wise boar | boar's bed | then | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | go out | past | the wise boar not said here | boar's cave | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the wise boar not said here | the lion | My good friend ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to lion=Recipient | |||
| 4 | not despair in a quote | infinitive · do-support | My good friend not said here | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/16/3/