The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 55
And he said to his companion: “Whose bones are these?”
Who acts: vāhana, bones · What happens: say, be · To what, where: companion, these · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vāhana, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 companion | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 companion | nmod:poss |
| 6 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 12 these | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 these | punct |
| 9 | Whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 10 bones | nmod:poss |
| 10 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 these | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 these | cop |
| 12 | these | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 said | nsubj |
| 13 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
| 14 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | vāhana | vāhana's companion | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to companion=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | bones | these | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/16/55/