The grateful elephant, Opening, part 16, sentence 90
And he said to his companion: “Of a truth, Vāsuki, king of the snakes, is to be pitied, for that, like a coward, he delivers with his own hand into the hands of his most bitter enemy the snakes that are his subjects.
Who acts: Jīmūta, snakes · What happens: say, pity, deliver, be · To what, where: companion, that, hands, subjects · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jīmūta, snakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 said | cc |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 companion | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 companion | nmod:poss |
| 6 | companion | companion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | obl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 truth | punct |
| 8 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 truth | punct |
| 9 | Of | of | ADP | _ | 11 truth | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 truth | det |
| 11 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | parataxis |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 Vāsuki | punct |
| 13 | Vāsuki | Vāsuki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 truth | appos |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 king | punct |
| 15 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 truth | appos |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 snakes | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 snakes | det |
| 18 | snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 king | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 pitied | punct |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 pitied | aux |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 pitied | mark |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 pitied | aux:pass |
| 23 | pitied | pity | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 truth | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 that | punct |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 that | case |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 23 pitied | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 that | punct |
| 28 | like | like | ADP | _ | 30 coward | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 coward | det |
| 30 | coward | coward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 pitied | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 delivers | punct |
| 32 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 delivers | nsubj |
| 33 | delivers | deliver | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | conj |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 37 hand | case |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 hand | nmod:poss |
| 36 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 hand | amod |
| 37 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 delivers | obl |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 hands | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 hands | det |
| 40 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 delivers | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 enemy | case |
| 42 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 43 | most | most | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 45 enemy | amod |
| 44 | bitter | bitter | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 enemy | amod |
| 45 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 hands | nmod |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 snakes | det |
| 47 | snakes | snake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 enemy | obj |
| 48 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 51 subjects | nsubj |
| 49 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 51 subjects | cop |
| 50 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 51 subjects | nmod:poss |
| 51 | subjects | subject | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 snakes | acl:relcl |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | Jīmūta | Jīmūta's companion | a truth parataxis | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to companion=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | pity in a quote | present · passive | Jīmūta not said here | that | like a coward | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: that=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | deliver in a quote | present | Jīmūta | the hands of Jīmūta's most bitter enemy the snakes | with Jīmūta's own hand | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 4 | is a in a quote | present | the snakes | Jīmūta's subjects | Jīmūta nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The grateful elephant» by Eugene Watson Burlingame, Project Gutenberg book 74064 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74064/16/90/